238U-Th-230-Ra-226-Pb-210-Po-210, Th-232-Ra-228, and U-235-Pa-231 constraints on the ages and petrogenesis of Vailulu'u and Malumalu Lavas, Samoa

View/ Open
Date
2008-04-01Author
Sims, Kenneth W. W.
Concept link
Hart, Stanley R.
Concept link
Reagan, Mark K.
Concept link
Blusztajn, Jerzy S.
Concept link
Staudigel, Hubert
Concept link
Sohn, Robert A.
Concept link
Layne, Graham D.
Concept link
Ball, Lary A.
Concept link
Andrews, J. E.
Concept link
Metadata
Show full item recordCitable URI
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3263As published
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001651DOI
10.1029/2007GC001651Keyword
U-series disequilibria; Samoa; Eruption agesAbstract
We report 238U-230Th-226Ra-210Pb-210Po, 232Th-228Ra and 235U-231Pa measurements for a suite of 14 geologically and geochemically well-characterized basaltic samples from the Samoan volcanoes Vailulu'u, Malumalu, and Savai'i. Maximum eruption ages based on the presence of parent-daughter disequilibria indicate that Vailulu'u is magmatically productive with young lavas (<8 Ka) resurfacing both its summit crater and lower flanks. 210Pb and 210Po measurements indicate that several flows have erupted within its summit crater in the past 100 years, with the newest observed flow being erupted in November of 2004. For lavas which have eruption ages that are demonstrably young, relative to the half-lives of 230Th, 231Pa, and 226Ra, we interpret their 238U -230Th, 235U-231Pa and 230Th - 226Ra disequilibria in terms of the magmatic processes occurring beneath the Samoan Islands. (230Th/238U) > 1 indicates that garnet is required as a residual phase in the magma sources for all these lavas. The large range of (238U/232Th) and (230Th/232Th) is attributed to long-term source variation. The Samoan basalts are all alkaline basalts and show significant 230Th and 231Pa excesses but limited variability, indicating that they have been derived by small but similar extents of melting. Their (230Th/238U), (231Pa/235U) and Sm/Nd fractionation are consistent with correlations among other ocean island basalt suites (particularly Hawaii) which show that (230Th/238U) and (231Pa/235U) of many OIBS can be explained by simple time-independent models. Interpretation of the 226Ra data requires time-dependent melting models. Both chromatographic porous flow and dynamic melting of a garnet peridotite source can adequately explain the combined U-Th-Ra and U-Pa data for these Samoan basalts. Several young samples from the Vailulu'u summit crater also exhibit significant 210Pb deficits that reflect either shallow magmatic processes or continuous magma degassing. In both cases, decadal residence times are inferred from these 210Pb deficits. The young coeval volcanism on Malumalu and Vailulu'u suggests the Samoa hot spot is currently migrating to the northeast due to dynamic interaction with the Tonga slab.
Description
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 9 (2008): Q04003, doi:10.1029/2007GC001651.
Suggested Citation
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 9 (2008): Q04003Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Volatile and trace elements in basaltic glasses from Samoa : implications for water distribution in the mantle
Workman, Rhea K.; Hauri, Erik H.; Hart, Stanley R.; Wang, Jianhua; Blusztajn, Jerzy S. (2005-10-24)We report volatile (H2O, CO2, F, S, Cl) and trace element data for submarine alkalic basalt glasses from the three youngest Samoan volcanoes, Ta’u, Malumalu and Vailulu’u. Most samples are visibly sulfide saturated, so ... -
Vailulu'u Seamount, Samoa : life and death on an active submarine volcano
Staudigel, Hubert; Hart, Stanley R.; Pile, Adele; Bailey, Bradley E.; Baker, Edward T.; Brooke, Sandra; Connelly, Douglas P.; Haucke, Lisa; German, Christopher R.; Hudson, Ian; Jones, Daniel O. B.; Koppers, Anthony A. P.; Konter, Jasper G.; Lee, Ray; Pietsch, Theodore W.; Tebo, Bradley M.; Templeton, Alexis S.; Zierenberg, Robert; Young, Craig M. (National Academy of Sciences, 2006-04-13)Submersible exploration of the Samoan hotspot revealed a new, 300-m-tall, volcanic cone, named Nafanua, in the summit crater of Vailulu'u seamount. Nafanua grew from the 1,000-m-deep crater floor in <4 years and could reach ... -
Identifying nutrient sources to three lagoons at Ofu and Olosega, American Samoa using δ15N of benthic macroalgae
Garrison, Virginia; Kroeger, Kevin D.; Fenner, Douglas; Craig, Peter (Elsevier B.V., 2007-11-01)Degradation of nearshore habitats is a serious problem in some areas of American Samoa, such as in Pago Pago Harbor on Tutuila Island, and is a smaller but chronic problem in other areas. Sedimentation, pollution, nutrient ...