Berteaux Henri O.

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Berteaux

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Henri O.

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The design, logistics and installation of a SOFAR float tracking station at Grand Turk Island, B.W.I.

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1973-10) Walden, Robert G. ; Berteaux, Henri O. ; Striffler, Foster L.

The Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment (MODE) under the Office of the International Decade of Oceanography, National Science Foundation, included plans for the deployment of long-range SOFAR floats in a two degree square area approximately 400 miles Southwest of Bermuda. The floats are located by AFETR, MILS system hydrophones at Bermuda, Eleuthera and Puerto Rico. An additional station at Grand Turk Island, British West Indies, was requested to provide an expanded and more reliable location. In addition a spare installation was to be provided which could be installed within relatively short notice at Eleuthera or Puerto Rico if required. The design, logistical considerations and installation of the Grand Turk Island station are documented in this report.
Testing and evaluation of SURLYN foam and SPECTRA fiber ropes for buoy systems applications

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1988-08) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Bocconcelli, Alessandro ; Gould, Matthew R. ; Kery, Sean M.
Integrated seawater sampler and data acquisition system prototype : final report

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1993-04) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Eck, Calvert F. ; Irish, James D. ; Jenkins, William J. ; Kery, Sean M. ; Albro, Carl S. ; McDowell, S.

This report documents the work performed by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and the Battelle Memorial Institute from August 1988 to December 1992 in the NSF sponsored development of an Integrated Seawater Sampler and Data Acquisition Prototype. After a 6-month initial design study, a prototype underwater profiing unit was designed and constructed, containing the water acquisition subsystem, CTD and altimeter, control circuitry and batteries. A standard WHOI CTD was adapted for use in the underwater unit and was interfaced to the underwater controller which had a telemetry module connecting ít with a deck control unit. This enabled CTD data to be logged in normal fashion on shipboard while additional commands and diagnostics were sent over the telemetry link to command the underwater unit's water sampling process and receive diagnostic information on system performance. The water sampling subsystem consisted of 36 trays, each containing a plastic sample bag, the pump and control circuitry. The sample bags, initially sealed in a chemically clean environment, were opened by pumping the water out of the tray, thus forcing water into the bag by ambient pressure. The command system could select any bag, and control the water sampling procss from the surface with diagnostic information on system altitude, depth, orientation and cable tension displayed in real time for operator information. At sea tests confirmed the operation of the electrical and control system. Problems were encountered with the bags and seals which were partially solved by further post cruise efforts. However, the bag closing mechanism requires further development, and numerous small system improvements identified during the cruises need to be implemented to produce an operational water sampler. Finally, initial design tor a water sampler handling and storage unit and water extraction system were developed but not implemented. The detailed discussion of the prototype water sampler design, testing and evaluation, and new bag testing result are presented.
Bottom array specifications for the low frequency acoustic seismic experiment (LFASE)

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1991-10) Bocconcelli, Alessandro ; Berteaux, Henri O. ; Stephen, Ralph A. ; Spiess, Fred ; Spiess, Fred ; Craig, Harmon ; Spiess, Fred

The Low Frequency Acoustic Seismic Experiment (LFASE) was conducted to measure sound propagation and ambient noise above, at and below the sea floor. To this end an array consisting of four geophone nodes was introduced into a DSDP borehole. These seismic sensors were clamped inside the borehole at various depths below the ocean floor. The geophone array was connected by an electromechanical cable to a bottom reentry structure (BCU frame) housing the Data Recording Unit (DRU), the Data Telemetry Unit (DTU), the Bottom Control Unit (BCU) and the power supply.
A sea floor winch system for wire line re-entry of deep sea boreholes

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1990-12) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Bocconcelli, Alessandro ; Koelsch, Donald E. ; Stephen, Ralph A.

The following report describes the scientific motivations for the use of a Sea Floor Winch System for Wireline Re-entry of Deep Sea Boreholes and presents a conceptual design for the winch system.
ESOM I and II final report

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1991-11) Bocconcelli, Alessandro ; Berteaux, Henri O. ; Frye, Daniel E. ; Prindle, Bryce

An Engineering Surface Oceanographic Mooring (ESOM) program was initiated in 1989 by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for the purpose of evaluating the long term, in situ performance of new moored array materials and sensors. For logistic and practical reasons, a site 12 miles southwest of Bermuda, with a water depth of 3000m was selected to deploy the mooring. Following well established design practice the upper part of the mooring down to a depth of 1900m was made of plastic jacketed, steel armored wire ropes and cables. Groups of test samples were attached at different depths to the main mooring line. The lower part of the mooring was made of compliant, plaited nylon rope. The mooring was deployed in March 1989. It was recovered and reset, with a vertical acoustic telemetry prototype system, in April 1990. The at-sea phase of the program ended in November 1990 when the termination of a test cable failed and the mooring broke loose. The entire mooring was recovered and all of its samples and components were carefully inspected and tested. In addition to the novel acoustic link, mooring components tested included new wire ropes, new electromechanical cables and their terminations, low drag fairings, fishbite resistant jackets, and a new type of surface buoy.
Deep sea moorings fishbite handbook

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1987-03) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Prindle, Bryce

The purpose of this handbook is to bring awareness and a degree of expertise to the very real problem of fish attacks on mooring lines and cables deployed in the open seas. Over the years the authors have carefully examined a large sample of damaged, sometimes entirely severed ropes retrieved from the sea. Often direct evidence and/or biological observations showed that the ropes were the victims of fish attacks. In many cases however the cause of rope failure remained difficult to ascertain. Techniques and rationales therefore had to be devised to elucidate the more thorny cases. Understanding a problem, the saying goes, is half of the solution. The other half, as far as this handbook is concerned, is of course to make known the ways which, at the moment, could help prevent fishbite attacks or at least abate its effects. Thus the handbook will follow a natural progression. A short introduction retraces the early suspicions which soon translated into confirmed fish attacks. The next two chapters cover the recognition and the extent of the fishbite problem in great depth. Chapter 2 presents in meticulous details the techniques which can be used to determine how a rope was damaged while in service, either by fishbite or any other plausible cause. The analysis of a data base which spans over twenty years and encompasses close to a thousand moorings is presented in Chapter 3: Dimensions of the fishbite problem. This chapter provides valuable information for use in estimating fishbite hazard. Who are the culprits and why they do it is reviewed in Chapter 4: Biting organisms and predisposing factors. This chapter identifies the marine organisms which have significant biting capabilities and outlines some of the environmental factors and processes which incite and result in fishbite damage. The last chapter: Prevention and control of fishbite damage, reviews the preventive methods used to reduce the incidence or the severity of fish attacks and the curative methods - including up to date techniques for jacketing metallic and non-metallic ropes and cables - which hopefully will protect mooring lines from the mechanical damage inflicted by fish teeth.
Experimental analysis of the failed wire ropes of the submersible Alvin hoist system

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1970-07) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Morey, Ronald L.

The research submarine ALVIN was carried, launched, and recovered by a platform hoist located between the pontoons of the catamaran support vessel, LULU. (Figure No. 1) On October 16, 1969, the wire ropes of the hoist system failed and the submarine ALVIN was lost. The modes and causes of the failures were subsequently investigated in a comprehensive test program. Methods and results of this experimental analysis are hereafter reviewed.
Experimental evaluation of CTD package hydrodynamic behavior and recommendations for improved lowering techniques

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1983-07) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Walden, Robert G. ; Clay, Peter R. ; McDevitt, R. E.

This report is the last of a series of three reports on a comprehensive study of CTD instrument lowering mechanics. The first report, WHOI 79-81, "A Study of CTD Cables and Lowering Systems", examines the causes and modes of lowering cable failures, both mechanical and electrical, and makes recommendations to improve existing instrument packages and lowering procedures. The second report, WHOI 81-76, "Hydrodynamics of CTD Instrument Packages", is a theoretical study of instrument package stability when cable lowered or free falling. The model is used to predict the hydrodynamic response of CTD packages in their present or improved configuration. This report, WHOI 83-21, is more factual. It describes the tests performed on scale models and actual CTD packages to actually observe and/or measure their hydrodynamic behavior. Analytical results and experimental data obtained in this study are used to draw recommendations for CTD package improvement and future lowering procedures.
Heave and roll response of free floating bodies of cylindrical shape

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1977-02) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Goldsmith, Roger A. ; Schott, W. E.

The following report describes a computer solution to help predict the heave and roll response of free floating bodies of cylindrical shape when excited by random seas with known spectra. The basic concepts of harmonic analysis and statistics used in the method are first briefly reviewed. The report then presents a detailed derivation of the linear heave and roll response amplitude operators, that is the expressions of the vertical and angular displacements produced by a simple harmonic wave of one foot amplitude. The second part of the report reviews the computation procedure and the program's logic. It gives a detailed set of instructions for the program users, reviews the program's capabilities and limitations, and presents three case studies. The heave and roll response programs are written for use with XEROX SIGMA 7 computers. Program listings are given in the appendix.
Self deployable deep sea moorings

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1992-01) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Kery, Sean M. ; Walden, Robert G.

As part of a development effort in the field of moored arrays sponsored by the Office of Naval Technology, the Ocean Structures and Moorings Laboratory (OSM&L), Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department (AOP&E), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) conducted a study in 1991 to assess the feasibility and the merits of several self-deployable mooring designs. This study included a brief review of the state of the art, the performance of lab tests to evaluate different mooring line payout concepts, and the preliminary design of a typical candidate mooring. The results of this study are presented in this report. The report first reviews three types of single point moored arrays which are amenable to self-deployment: subsurface, subsurface with surface expression, and surface with bottom inverted catenary. It then describes the features common to all self-deploying moorings: techniques for line and instrument storage, means for controlled payout, bottom finders and lock up mechanisms, and it also outlines desirable specifications for sensor sizes, cables and connectors. Next the report reviews typical deployment scenarios from the bottom up or from the surface down as they apply to the three types of moorings retained. In its final section, the report presents the conceptual design of a 6000 meters depth capability, bottom up deployment, candidate mooring. This configuration should be of strong interest when contemplating the deployment of a large number of identical subsurface moorings, interconnected by a bottom cable, and in "close" proximity to one another. The case study outlines the design objectives and the current profiles, specifies the main components, evaluates their performance with the help of a standard computer program, and presents packaging and payout control details. Finally, a plan is proposed for the controlled, in-situ evaluation of a prototype.
Seafloor borehole array seismic system (SEABASS)

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1993-01) Stephen, Ralph A. ; Koelsch, Donald E. ; Berteaux, Henri O. ; Bocconcelli, Alessandro ; Bolmer, S. Thompson ; Cretin, J. ; Etourmy, N. ; Fabre, A. ; Goldsborough, Robert G. ; Gould, Matthew R. ; Kery, Sean M. ; Laurent, J. ; Omnes, G. ; Peal, Kenneth R. ; Swift, Stephen A. ; Turpening, R. ; Zani, A. Cleo

The Seafloor Borehole Array Seismic System (SEABASS) has been developed to measure the pressure and three dimensional particle velocity of the VLF sound field (2-50HZ) below the seafloor in the deep ocean (water depths of up to 6km). The system consists off our three-component borehole seismometers (with an optional hydrophone), a borehole digitizing unit, and a seafloor control and recording package. The system can be deployed using a wire line re-entry capability from a conventional research vessel in Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) boreholes. Data from below the seafloor are acquired either on-board the research vessel via coaxial tether or remotely on the seafloor in a self-contained package. If necessary the data module from the seafloor package can be released independently and recovered on the surface. This paper describes the engineering specifications of SEABASS, the tests that were carried out, and preliminary results from an actual deep sea deployment. Ambient noise levels beneath the seafloor acquired on the Low Frequency Acoustic-Seismic Experiment (LFASE) are within 20dB of levels from previous seafloor borehole seismic experiments and from land borehole measurements. The ambient noise observed on LFASE decreases by up to 12dB in the upper 100m of the seafloor in a sedimentary environment.
Analysis & experimental evaluation of single point moored buoy systems

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1969-05) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Walden, Robert G.

This report reviews the analysis and the evaluation of surface buoy systems performed in the Engineering Department of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1968. The buoy systems considered are single point moored, taut and compound consisting of wire and synthetic ropes, The first part of the report describes the forcing functions and the system response as measured in situ during and after launching, The second part presents the results of the mooring line components testing and evaluation programs performed at sea or in laboratories. The third part briefly outlines the present development in telemetry transmission of scientific and engineering information, It is believed that this systematic engineering effort is an important factor in the continuous improvement of the reliability and performance of the deep sea buoy systems used in scientific measurements programs.
A study of CTD cables and lowering systems

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1979-12) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Walden, Robert G. ; Moller, Donald A. ; Agrawal, Yogesh C.

This study first reviews both the electrical and mechanical modes and causes of failure of electromechanical (E/M) cables used to lower deep sea sensors, such as CTD instruments, from oceanographic ships. It then outlines measures or steps that could be taken to correct some of the deficiencies observed and improve the systems presently used. These measures include quality control, tests, operational limits, improved handling and maintenance, improved machinery. The study then surveys alternative cables for lowering the sensors and convey the information from the sensors back to the ship. These alternatives include strength members other than steel (Kevlar)and signal carriers other than conventional copper conductors (fiber optics). The final section - Conclusions - summarizes the recommendations, based on this study, for improving the reliability of present and future CTD lowering systems.
In situ measurements of the dynamics of a full scale bottom moored mine model

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1993-06) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Bocconcelli, Alessandro ; Eck, Calvert F. ; Kery, Sean M.

Under the sponsorship of the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), Dalgren Division, White Oak, Marland, the Ocean Systems & Mooring Laboratory of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution devised (1991) and conducted (1992) an experiment to measure the dynamic response of a full scale model of the CAPTOR mine, submerged and moored in strong tidal currents near Woods Hole, MA. Specifically, the purpose of this sophisticated engineering experiment was to obtain long term, high frequency measurements of the spatial position of the CAPTOR body, of the tension at both ends of the mooring line, and of the mooring line strumming, as a function of the currents prevailing at the site. This report first describes the main components and the method of deployment of the complex CAPTOR Dynamics Experiment (CAPTORDYN) set up. It then presents the mechanical and electrical designs of the entire system. Finally a review of the results obtained concludes the report.
Design of a stable floating platform for air-sea interaction measurements

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1978-12) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Walden, Robert G.

The design of an oceanographic platform can be defined as the rational specification of the platform dimensions and geometry. This specification is usually the result of an iterative process which compares the platform performance with the objectives to be reached and the logistic constraints to be met. This report describes such an exercise. The scientific objectives - measurements of heat flux at the ocean surface - are first outlined. The limits of heave and roll motion compatible with the desired measurement accuracy are then established. Given the stochastic nature of platform response, these limits are stipulated in terms of expected means. A review is then made, in some detail, of the analytical approach followed and of the computer programs used to compute the statistical expectations of buoy heave and roll response to random sea excitation. The next section of the report describes the comprehensive parametric study performed on some twenty different buoy configurations. The purpose of this study was first to investigate the dynamic response of a plausible base line design and of modified versions of the base line. A comparison of the dynamic response of these configurations could then"be made, and the good features that this comparison would reveal could be used to design the buoy prototype. Following this approach a final configuration was specified which would meet the rather severe motion requirements (0. 2 feet RMS in heave and 5. 0 degrees RMS in roll in sea state 3). The final section describes the techniques recommended to deploy and recover the 60 feet long buoy prototype.
A feasibility study for a versatile deep sea, multileg, stable, cable array

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1981-03) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Walden, Robert G.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of designing, building, and deploying a large, stable, multileg, deep ocean cable array with a service life of at least five years, and to assess the cost of such an array. The study first defines the essential desirable features of the array. It then briefly describes a number of candidate configurations which can meet these requirements, pointing out their advantages and disadvantages. The study then undertakes an array comparative stability analysis. The Fortran computer program DESADE was used to perform this comprehensive study. Current induced displacements and stress levels of simple and complex arrays were computed using this program. The results thus obtained greatly helped quantify their relative merit . Based on this analysis and on the array requirements previously defined a candidate array is selected for preliminary design. This design essentially consists of the rational selection of type, size, and materials for the buoys, cables, and anchors of the prototype array . Safety factors compatible with the five years life expectancy arc confirmed by additional computer runs, using operational and survival current conditions. The successful deployment and practical servicing of a deep sea implanted array require careful planning and detailed preparation. The next phase of this study is to outline a deployment scenario, and to indicate the different methods for servicing the array. Power sources and methods of data retrieval are considered. Use of manned and unmanned submersibles is contemplated . The last phase of the study is an estimate of the cost of the prototype array components. The report concludes that such an array is feasible, that it can be implanted with a high expectation of reliability and that it can be a safe and stable structure from which to conduct divers novel and useful scientific experiments.
Improvement of intermediate oceanographic winches

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1985-03) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Walden, Robert G. ; Bonde, Leslie W. ; Bird, J. D.

The following is a report on the findings of a study conducted by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to assess the needs and the means for improving the conventional intermediate winches used in the oceanographic community to lower profiling instruments (CTD for example). Eight major u.s. oceanographic centers were visited to confirm community needs and common problem areas, and to survey existing lowering equipment and techniques. This information was used to develop a set of general requirements for an improved instrument lowering system. Recommended improvements included: compensation of wave induced ship motion, automation of casts, and capability for automatic tracking of oceanographic parameters. A review is presented of additions or modifications which could meet these requirements. These options are compared and the system which offers the best potential for scientific usefulness, ease of fleet implementation and/or retrofitting of existing equipment is described at the conceptual and general specifications level. A plan for the design procurement, test and demonstration of a working prototype concludes the study.
CTD electromechanical termination users manual

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1990-08) Berteaux, Henri O. ; Kery, Sean M. ; O'Malley, P.

This report desribes a new, easy to install, reliable electromechanical cable termination to mechanically attach and electrically connect cable lowered instrument packages to their lowering cable.

Berteaux Henri O.

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