Hollister Charles D.

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Hollister
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Charles D.
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  • Technical Report
    Cable failures off Oahu, Hawaii caused by Hurricane Iwa
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1984-08) Hollister, Charles D.
    Six submarine telecommunications cables on the steep insular slope off southwest Oahu were damaged or broken by a combination of debris slides and large-block talus movement or, for the shallowest cables, wave induced chafe. These problems were caused by the sea floor's response to high surface energy produced by Hurricane Iwa. An examination of all available data does not support the concept of failure by turbidity currents.
  • Technical Report
    The HEBBLE II report : proceedings of the second annual workshop on the High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment held at the Keystone Center for Continuing Education, March 19-24, 1979
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1979-08) Williams, Albert J. ; Hollister, Charles D. ; Chandler, Richard S.
    In 1978, the first Keystone Conference addressed the scientific problems of sediment transport in a high energy flow such as the Western Boundary Undercurrent. Sedimentologists, physical oceanographers, geologists, optical oceanographers, biologists, and ocean engineers planned a program called the High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment (HEBBLE) to measure ocean floor bed-forms, sediment properties, turbulent flow structure, suspended sediment concentrations and fluxes, mixed layer thickness, outer scale velocity and horizontal gradients of density in a carefully surveyed site yet to be selected. While measurements were suggested, specific instruments were not identified to implement them. It was encouraging that the scientists participating in the first HEBBLE Conference wanted to continue to plan a multi-disciplinary experiment. Because of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's experience in management of planetary science experiments, autonomous instrumentation, image processing and data handling, we invited them to develop our experimental plan. Conferences were held in September at Woods Hole and November, 1978 at JPL to develop the instrumental ensemble. JPL involvement was concentrated on the extended deployment part of HEBBLE: the 6-month experiment. The March 20-23, 1979 conference brought JPL engineers and managers, HEBBLE scientists and PI's, ONR and NASA program managers together in Keystone, Colorado for presentation and discussion of the JPL program plan. This report summarizes the conference and includes reports by subcommittees of the conference on measurements and data sampling.
  • Technical Report
    The third annual report of the High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment : proceedings of the Keystone III Conference held at the Keystone Center for Continuous Education, March 11-15, 1980
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1980-07) Hollister, Charles D. ; Nowell, Arthur R. M. ; Smith, J. Dungan
    A meeting was held March 11-15, 1980 to develop and refine the hierarchy of problems to be addressed by the high energy benthic boundary layer experiment. This document outlines revised program goals and the critical scientific tasks needed to attain those goals. Also included is an interim "state of the program" report and a critical review by the Advisory Committee.
  • Technical Report
    The Hebble report : being the proceedings of the Workshop on a High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment held at the Keystone Center for Continuing Education, Keystone, Colorado, March 13-17, 1978
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1978-07) McCave, I. Nick ; Hollister, Charles D. ; Pyle, Thomas E.
    From the Foreward: Despite the currently fashionable use of the word "interdisciplinary" to describe research projects, few such efforts are known among oceanographers studying the benthic boundary layer (BBL). In order to encourage discussions among the diverse groups interested in deep-sea BBL problems and to begin the coordination of experiments, the Office of Naval Research (Code 480) has recently sponsored two workshops. In March 1977 a group of investigators with ONR-supported projects met at the Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity (NORDA) in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi to define scientific and geographic areas of interest. A large group of investigators met for a more ambitious workshop at the Keystone Conference Center, Keystone, Colorado, from March 13 to 17, 1978. This report summarizes the deliberations of that second workshop.
  • Technical Report
    Comparison of high-resolution normal-incidence 3.5 kHz and 12 kHz reflections with geotechnical properties of giant piston cores
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1978-06) Dow, Willard ; Hollister, Charles D.
    A deep operating self-contained high-frequency echo sounder known as Deep Probe was recently developed at W.H.O.I. under ERDA and Sea Grant contracts for the purpose of resolving fine details of bottom and sub-bottom sediment layering in the deep ocean. In August 1975 this system was mounted on R.V. KNORR for a coring expedition (KNORR #51) to the Rockall Trough area east of the United Kingdom under the direction of Dr. Charles Hollister. The purpose of this exercise was to determine the correlation between the high frequency acoustic sounding records and the stratification of several Giant Piston Cores (GPC) taken in the same area. Three of these cores, GPC-13, 17 and 19, have been analyzed and compared graphically with the acoustic survey of each core location, using Deep Probe, near-bottom, both as a 12 kHz echo-sounder, and as a deep receiver for detecting returns from a 3.5 kHz pinger mounted on the surface vessel. The acoustic traces for both frequencies were then compared for detail and depth of penetration with respect to the cores. Good to excellent correlation with core stratigraphy is indicated at 12 kHz. Resolution ranged from fair to poor at 3.5 kHz although transmission losses through the core were lower at this frequency. The general conclusion is that deep echo-sounding at 12 kHz is an excellent technique for delineation of shallow bottom and sub-bottom sediments in high detail, and that deep sounders having characteristics similar to Deep Probe could therefore prove valuable for detailed surveys of small areas preliminary to coring, or in deep-towed fish form, for general seismic profiling of shallow sediments over longer tracts in the deep ocean.
  • Technical Report
    Identification of generic study areas for the disposal of low level radioactive waste : western North Atlantic Ocean
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1979-07) Hollister, Charles D. ; Bunce, Elizabeth T. ; Chandler, Richard S.
    There is a growing need to effectively dispose of the low level radioactive waste presently accumulating in the United States. It may be decided to "dump" radioactive contamination products onto the deep sea floor (within 200 miles of the U.S.) in accordance with present IAEA guidelines (see Appendix A) for ocean dumping of low level waste; in the event of such a decision suitable areas must be identified and carefully studied to determine the subsequent influence of the waste on the environment. Using the site suitability criteria mentioned above we have identified two areas of possible use for low level waste disposal, one north of Puerto Rico and one east of Cape Hatteras, as deserving further study. The following report describes the relevant physical and geological characteristics of these two areas that may be important in considering a dumping operation. We have also made some recommendations for confirmatory research. The Hatteras Abyssal Plain, lying close to the 200 mile limit, appears to be a viable region for the focus of future research efforts.
  • Technical Report
    Geologic effects of ocean bottom currents : western North Atlantic
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1972-07) Hollister, Charles D. ; Heezen, Bruce C.
    Bottom photographs, sediment cores and high resolution echograms from the Atlantic continental margin of North America reveal distinctive features created by the Western Boundary Undercurrent, a deep current associated with the thermohaline circulation of the Atlantic. Current lineations observed in oriented bottom photographs taken on the continental rise show features indicative of significant sediment transport and deposition parallel to bathymetric contours. Bottom current directions inferred from the orientation of current lincations correspond to the flow direction of the Western Boundary Undercurrent predicted long ago by the pioneering work of Georg Wüst. Sediment cores reveal a distribution of distinctive brick-red clay that has apparently been transported from the Cabot Strait southwesterly to. the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge. Massive muddy sands are typically found on abyssal plains. The graywacke-type sands from the abyssal plains may exceed 50 cm in thickness, and as a rule, rarely exceed 50 per 10 m of core. The continental rise is, on the other hand, underlain by sediment containing as many as 500, thin ( IOOcm/sec) turbidity currents flowing downslope; and 2) continental material transported in suspension through the water column and subsequently mixed with pelagic components to form hemipelagic sediment. The very largest and most competent turbidity currents reach the abyssal plains where they deposit relatively thick beds of muddy, graded coarse sand, silt and clay known as Turbidites. The well-sorted fine sand, silt and clay laminations deposited by contour currents flowing on the continental rise are known as Contourites.