Weissenbach Jean

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Weissenbach
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Jean
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  • Article
    Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2008-07-27) Abad, Pierre ; Gouzy, Jerome ; Aury, Jean-Marc ; Castagnone-Sereno, Philippe ; Danchin, Etienne G. J. ; Deleury, Emeline ; Perfus-Barbeoch, Laetitia ; Anthouard, Veronique ; Artiguenave, Francois ; Blok, Vivian C. ; Caillaud, Marie-Cecile ; Coutinho, Pedro M. ; Da Silva, Corinne ; De Luca, Francesca ; Deau, Florence ; Esquibet, Magali ; Flutre, Timothe ; Goldstone, Jared V. ; Hamamouch, Noureddine ; Hewezi, Tarek ; Jaillon, Olivier ; Jubin, Claire ; Leonetti, Paola ; Magliano, Marc ; Maier, Tom R. ; Markov, Gabriel V. ; McVeigh, Paul ; Pesole, Graziano ; Poulain, Julie ; Robinson-Rechavi, Marc ; Sallet, Erika ; Segurens, Beatrice ; Steinbach, Delphine ; Tytgat, Tom ; Ugarte, Edgardo ; van Ghelder, Cyril ; Veronico, Pasqua ; Baum, Thomas J. ; Blaxter, Mark ; Bleve-Zacheo, Teresa ; Davis, Eric L ; Ewbank, Jonathan J. ; Favery, Bruno ; Grenier, Eric ; Henrissat, Bernard ; Jones, John T. ; Laudet, Vincent ; Maule, Aaron G. ; Quesneville, Hadi ; Rosso, Marie-Noelle ; Schiex, Thomas ; Smant, Geert ; Weissenbach, Jean ; Wincker, Patrick
    Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall–degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies.
  • Article
    Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2013-07-21) Flot, Jean-Francois ; Hespeels, Boris ; Li, Xiang ; Noel, Benjamin ; Arkhipova, Irina R. ; Danchin, Etienne G. J. ; Hejno, Andreas ; Henrissat, Bernard ; Koszul, Romain ; Aury, Jean-Marc ; Barbe, Valerie ; Barthelemy, Roxane-Marie ; Bast, Jens ; Bazykin, Georgii A. ; Chabrol, Olivier ; Couloux, Arnaud ; Da Rocha, Martine ; Da Silva, Corinne ; Gladyshev, Eugene A. ; Gouret, Philippe ; Hallatschek, Oskar ; Hecox-Lea, Bette ; Labadie, Karine ; Lejeune, Benjamin ; Piskurek, Oliver ; Poulain, Julie ; Rodriguez, Fernando ; Ryan, Joseph F. ; Vakhrusheva, Olga A. ; Wajnberg, Eric ; Wirth, Benedicte ; Yushenova, Irina A. ; Kellis, Manolis ; Kondrashov, Alexey S. ; Mark Welch, David B. ; Pontarotti, Pierre ; Weissenbach, Jean ; Wincker, Patrick ; Jaillon, Olivier ; Van Doninck, Karine
    Loss of sexual reproduction is considered an evolutionary dead end for metazoans, but bdelloid rotifers challenge this view as they appear to have persisted asexually for millions of years1. Neither male sex organs nor meiosis have ever been observed in these microscopic animals: oocytes are formed through mitotic divisions, with no reduction of chromosome number and no indication of chromosome pairing2. However, current evidence does not exclude that they may engage in sex on rare, cryptic occasions. Here we report the genome of a bdelloid rotifer, Adineta vaga (Davis, 1873)3, and show that its structure is incompatible with conventional meiosis. At gene scale, the genome of A. vaga is tetraploid and comprises both anciently duplicated segments and less divergent allelic regions. However, in contrast to sexual species, the allelic regions are rearranged and sometimes even found on the same chromosome. Such structure does not allow meiotic pairing; instead, we find abundant evidence of gene conversion, which may limit the accumulation of deleterious mutations in the absence of meiosis. Gene families involved in resistance to oxidation, carbohydrate metabolism and defence against transposons are significantly expanded, which may explain why transposable elements cover only 3% of the assembled sequence. Furthermore, 8% of the genes are likely to be of non-metazoan origin and were probably acquired horizontally. This apparent convergence between bdelloids and prokaryotes sheds new light on the evolutionary significance of sex.