Braasch Ingo

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Braasch
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Ingo
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  • Article
    Global in situ observations of essential climate and ocean variables at the air-sea interface
    (Frontiers Media, 2019-07-25) Centurioni, Luca R. ; Turton, Jon ; Lumpkin, Rick ; Braasch, Lancelot ; Brassington, Gary ; Chao, Yi ; Charpentier, Etienne ; Chen, Zhaohui ; Corlett, Gary ; Dohan, Kathleen ; Donlon, Craig ; Gallage, Champika ; Hormann, Verena ; Ignatov, Alexander ; Ingleby, Bruce ; Jensen, Robert ; Kelly-Gerreyn, Boris A. ; Koszalka, Inga M. ; Lin, Xiaopei ; Lindstrom, Eric ; Maximenko, Nikolai ; Merchant, Christopher J. ; Minnett, Peter J. ; O’Carroll, Anne ; Paluszkiewicz, Theresa ; Poli, Paul ; Poulain, Pierre Marie ; Reverdin, Gilles ; Sun, Xiujun ; Swail, Val ; Thurston, Sidney ; Wu, Lixin ; Yu, Lisan ; Wang, Bin ; Zhang, Dongxiao
    The air–sea interface is a key gateway in the Earth system. It is where the atmosphere sets the ocean in motion, climate/weather-relevant air–sea processes occur, and pollutants (i.e., plastic, anthropogenic carbon dioxide, radioactive/chemical waste) enter the sea. Hence, accurate estimates and forecasts of physical and biogeochemical processes at this interface are critical for sustainable blue economy planning, growth, and disaster mitigation. Such estimates and forecasts rely on accurate and integrated in situ and satellite surface observations. High-impact uses of ocean surface observations of essential ocean/climate variables (EOVs/ECVs) include (1) assimilation into/validation of weather, ocean, and climate forecast models to improve their skill, impact, and value; (2) ocean physics studies (i.e., heat, momentum, freshwater, and biogeochemical air–sea fluxes) to further our understanding and parameterization of air–sea processes; and (3) calibration and validation of satellite ocean products (i.e., currents, temperature, salinity, sea level, ocean color, wind, and waves). We review strengths and limitations, impacts, and sustainability of in situ ocean surface observations of several ECVs and EOVs. We draw a 10-year vision of the global ocean surface observing network for improved synergy and integration with other observing systems (e.g., satellites), for modeling/forecast efforts, and for a better ocean observing governance. The context is both the applications listed above and the guidelines of frameworks such as the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) (both co-sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, IOC–UNESCO; the World Meteorological Organization, WMO; the United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP; and the International Science Council, ISC). Networks of multiparametric platforms, such as the global drifter array, offer opportunities for new and improved in situ observations. Advances in sensor technology (e.g., low-cost wave sensors), high-throughput communications, evolving cyberinfrastructures, and data information systems with potential to improve the scope, efficiency, integration, and sustainability of the ocean surface observing system are explored.
  • Article
    The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2013-04-17) Amemiya, Chris T. ; Alfoldi, Jessica ; Lee, Alison P. ; Fan, Shaohua ; Philippe, Herve ; MacCallum, Iain ; Braasch, Ingo ; Manousaki, Tereza ; Schneider, Igor ; Rohner, Nicolas ; Organ, Chris ; Chalopin, Domitille ; Smith, Jeramiah J. ; Robinson, Mark ; Dorrington, Rosemary A. ; Gerdol, Marco ; Aken, Bronwen ; Assunta Biscotti, Maria ; Barucca, Marco ; Baurain, Denis ; Berlin, Aaron M. ; Blatch, Gregory L. ; Buonocore, Francesco ; Burmester, Thorsten ; Campbell, Michael S. ; Canapa, Adriana ; Cannon, John P. ; Christoffels, Alan ; De Moro, Gianluca ; Edkins, Adrienne L. ; Fan, Lin ; Fausto, Anna Maria ; Feiner, Nathalie ; Forconi, Mariko ; Gamieldien, Junaid ; Gnerre, Sante ; Gnirke, Andreas ; Goldstone, Jared V. ; Haerty, Wilfried ; Hahn, Mark E. ; Hesse, Uljana ; Hoffmann, Steve ; Johnson, Jeremy ; Karchner, Sibel I. ; Kuraku, Shigehiro ; Lara, Marcia ; Levin, Joshua Z. ; Litman, Gary W. ; Mauceli, Evan ; Miyake, Tsutomu ; Mueller, M. Gail ; Nelson, David R. ; Nitsche, Anne ; Olmo, Ettore ; Ota, Tatsuya ; Pallavicini, Alberto ; Panji, Sumir ; Picone, Barbara ; Ponting, Chris P. ; Prohaska, Sonja J. ; Przybylski, Dariusz ; Ratan Saha, Nil ; Ravi, Vydianathan ; Ribeiro, Filipe J. ; Sauka-Spengler, Tatjana ; Scapigliati, Giuseppe ; Searle, Stephen M. J. ; Sharpe, Ted ; Simakov, Oleg ; Stadler, Peter F. ; Stegeman, John J. ; Sumiyama, Kenta ; Tabbaa, Diana ; Tafer, Hakim ; Turner-Maier, Jason ; van Heusden, Peter ; White, Simon ; Williams, Louise ; Yandell, Mark ; Brinkmann, Henner ; Volff, Jean-Nicolas ; Tabin, Clifford J. ; Shubin, Neil ; Schartl, Manfred ; Jaffe, David B. ; Postlethwait, John H. ; Venkatesh, Byrappa ; Di Palma, Federica ; Lander, Eric S. ; Meyer, Axel ; Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin
    The discovery of a living coelacanth specimen in 1938 was remarkable, as this lineage of lobe-finned fish was thought to have become extinct 70 million years ago. The modern coelacanth looks remarkably similar to many of its ancient relatives, and its evolutionary proximity to our own fish ancestors provides a glimpse of the fish that first walked on land. Here we report the genome sequence of the African coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. Through a phylogenomic analysis, we conclude that the lungfish, and not the coelacanth, is the closest living relative of tetrapods. Coelacanth protein-coding genes are significantly more slowly evolving than those of tetrapods, unlike other genomic features. Analyses of changes in genes and regulatory elements during the vertebrate adaptation to land highlight genes involved in immunity, nitrogen excretion and the development of fins, tail, ear, eye, brain and olfaction. Functional assays of enhancers involved in the fin-to-limb transition and in the emergence of extra-embryonic tissues show the importance of the coelacanth genome as a blueprint for understanding tetrapod evolution.