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    Bottom side-roll feeding by humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the southern Gulf of Maine, U.S.A

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    Date
    2013-07-24
    Author
    Ware, Colin  Concept link
    Wiley, David N.  Concept link
    Friedlaender, Ari S.  Concept link
    Weinrich, Mason T.  Concept link
    Hazen, Elliott L.  Concept link
    Bocconcelli, Alessandro  Concept link
    Parks, Susan E.  Concept link
    Stimpert, Alison K.  Concept link
    Thompson, Michael A.  Concept link
    Abernathy, Kyler  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6626
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12053
    DOI
    10.1111/mms.12053
    Keyword
     Humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; Bottom feeding; Bottom side-rolls; Coordination; Entanglement 
    Abstract
    Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are known for the variety and complexity of their feeding behaviors. Here we report on the use of synchronous motion and acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) to provide the first detailed kinematic descriptions of humpback whales using bottom side-rolls (BSRs) to feed along the seafloor. We recorded 3,505 events from 19 animals (individual range 8–722). By animal, mean BSR duration ranged from 14.1 s to 36.2 s.; mean body roll angle from 80º to 121º, and mean pitch from 7º to 38º. The median interval between sequential BSRs, by animal, ranged from 24.0 s to 63.6 s and animals tended to maintain a consistent BSR heading during long BSR series encompassing multiple dives. BSRs were most frequent between 2200 and 0400. We identify three classes of behavior: simple side-roll, side-roll inversion, and repetitive scooping. Results indicate that BSR feeding is a common technique in the study area and there is both coordination and noncoordination between animals. We argue that this behavior is not lunge feeding as normally characterized, because animals are moving slowly through the event. The behavior also leads to vulnerability to entanglement in bottom-set fishing gear, a major mortality factor for the species.
    Description
    This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Marine Mammal Science 30 (2014): 494–511, doi:10.1111/mms.12053.
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    • Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering (AOP&E)
    Suggested Citation
    Marine Mammal Science 30 (2014): 494–511
     

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