VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean) : a study of particle sources and flux attenuation in the North Pacific
Date
2008-03-21Author
Buesseler, Ken O.
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Trull, Thomas W.
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Steinberg, Deborah K.
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Silver, Mary W.
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Siegel, David A.
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Saitoh, S.-I.
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Lamborg, Carl H.
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Lam, Phoebe J.
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Karl, David M.
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Jiao, N. Z.
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Honda, Makio C.
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Elskens, Marc
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Dehairs, Frank
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Brown, S. I.
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Boyd, Philip W.
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Bishop, James K. B.
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Bidigare, Robert R.
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https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2531As published
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.024Abstract
The VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean (VERTIGO) study examined particle sources and
fluxes through the ocean’s “twilight zone” (defined here as depths below the euphotic zone to
1000 m). Interdisciplinary process studies were conducted at contrasting sites off Hawaii
(ALOHA) and in the NW Pacific (K2) during 3 week occupations in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
We examine in this overview paper the contrasting physical, chemical and biological settings and
how these conditions impact the source characteristics of the sinking material and the transport
efficiency through the twilight zone. A major finding in VERTIGO is the considerably lower
transfer efficiency (Teff) of particulate organic carbon (POC), POC flux 500 / 150 m, at ALOHA
(20%) vs. K2 (50%). This efficiency is higher in the diatom-dominated setting at K2 where
silica-rich particles dominate the flux at the end of a diatom bloom, and where zooplankton and
their pellets are larger. At K2, the drawdown of macronutrients is used to assess export and
suggests that shallow remineralization above our 150 m trap is significant, especially for N
relative to Si. We explore here also surface export ratios (POC flux/primary production) and
possible reasons why this ratio is higher at K2, especially during the first trap deployment. When
we compare the 500 m fluxes to deep moored traps, both sites lose about half of the sinking POC
by >4000 m, but this comparison is limited in that fluxes at depth may have both a local and
distant component. Certainly, the greatest difference in particle flux attenuation is in the
mesopelagic, and we highlight other VERTIGO papers that provide a more detailed examination
of the particle sources, flux and processes that attenuate the flux of sinking particles. Ultimately,
we contend that at least three types of processes need to be considered: heterotrophic degradation
of sinking particles, zooplankton migration and surface feeding, and lateral sources of suspended
and sinking materials. We have evidence that all of these processes impacted the net attenuation
of particle flux vs. depth measured in VERTIGO and would therefore need to be considered and
quantified in order to understand the magnitude and efficiency of the ocean’s biological pump.
Description
Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 55 (2008): 1522-1539, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.024.
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Suggested Citation
Preprint: Buesseler, Ken O., Trull, Thomas W., Steinberg, Deborah K., Silver, Mary W., Siegel, David A., Saitoh, S.-I., Lamborg, Carl H., Lam, Phoebe J., Karl, David M., Jiao, N. Z., Honda, Makio C., Elskens, Marc, Dehairs, Frank, Brown, S. I., Boyd, Philip W., Bishop, James K. B., Bidigare, Robert R., "VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean) : a study of particle sources and flux attenuation in the North Pacific", 2008-03-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.024, https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2531Related items
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