Brunelli
Daniele
Brunelli
Daniele
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ArticlePostmelting hydrogen enrichment in the oceanic lithosphere(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2021-06-09) Le Roux, Véronique ; Urann, Benjamin M. ; Brunelli, Daniele ; Bonatti, Enrico ; Cipriani, Anna ; Demouchy, Sylvie ; Monteleone, Brian D.The large range of H2O contents recorded in minerals from exhumed mantle rocks has been challenging to interpret, as it often records a combination of melting, metasomatism, and diffusional processes in spatially isolated samples. Here, we determine the temporal variations of H2O contents in pyroxenes from a 24-Ma time series of abyssal peridotites exposed along the Vema fracture zone (Atlantic Ocean). The H2O contents of pyroxenes correlate with both crustal ages and pyroxene chemistry and increase toward younger and more refractory peridotites. These variations are inconsistent with residual values after melting and opposite to trends often observed in mantle xenoliths. Postmelting hydrogen enrichment occurred by ionic diffusion during cryptic metasomatism of peridotite residues by low-degree, volatile-rich melts and was particularly effective in the most depleted peridotites. The presence of hydrous melts under ridges leads to widespread hydrogen incorporation in the oceanic lithosphere, likely lowering mantle viscosity compared to dry models.
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ArticleDrilling constraints on lithospheric accretion and evolution at Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 30°N(American Geophysical Union, 2011-07-19) Blackman, Donna K. ; Ildefonse, Benoit ; John, Barbara E. ; Ohara, Y. ; Miller, D. J. ; Abe, Natsue ; Abratis, M. ; Andal, E. S. ; Andreani, Muriel ; Awaji, S. ; Beard, J. S. ; Brunelli, Daniele ; Charney, A. B. ; Christie, D. M. ; Collins, John A. ; Delacour, A. G. ; Delius, H. ; Drouin, M. ; Einaudi, F. ; Escartin, Javier E. ; Frost, B. R. ; Fruh-Green, Gretchen L. ; Fryer, P. B. ; Gee, Jeffrey S. ; Grimes, C. B. ; Halfpenny, A. ; Hansen, H.-E. ; Harris, Amber C. ; Tamura, A. ; Hayman, Nicholas W. ; Hellebrand, Eric ; Hirose, T. ; Hirth, Greg ; Ishimaru, S. ; Johnson, Kevin T. M. ; Karner, G. D. ; Linek, M. ; MacLeod, Christopher J. ; Maeda, J. ; Mason, Olivia U. ; McCaig, A. M. ; Michibayashi, K. ; Morris, Antony ; Nakagawa, T. ; Nozaka, Toshio ; Rosner, Martin ; Searle, Roger C. ; Suhr, G. ; Tominaga, Masako ; von der Handt, A. ; Yamasaki, T. ; Zhao, XixiExpeditions 304 and 305 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program cored and logged a 1.4 km section of the domal core of Atlantis Massif. Postdrilling research results summarized here constrain the structure and lithology of the Central Dome of this oceanic core complex. The dominantly gabbroic sequence recovered contrasts with predrilling predictions; application of the ground truth in subsequent geophysical processing has produced self-consistent models for the Central Dome. The presence of many thin interfingered petrologic units indicates that the intrusions forming the domal core were emplaced over a minimum of 100–220 kyr, and not as a single magma pulse. Isotopic and mineralogical alteration is intense in the upper 100 m but decreases in intensity with depth. Below 800 m, alteration is restricted to narrow zones surrounding faults, veins, igneous contacts, and to an interval of locally intense serpentinization in olivine-rich troctolite. Hydration of the lithosphere occurred over the complete range of temperature conditions from granulite to zeolite facies, but was predominantly in the amphibolite and greenschist range. Deformation of the sequence was remarkably localized, despite paleomagnetic indications that the dome has undergone at least 45° rotation, presumably during unroofing via detachment faulting. Both the deformation pattern and the lithology contrast with what is known from seafloor studies on the adjacent Southern Ridge of the massif. There, the detachment capping the domal core deformed a 100 m thick zone and serpentinized peridotite comprises ∼70% of recovered samples. We develop a working model of the evolution of Atlantis Massif over the past 2 Myr, outlining several stages that could explain the observed similarities and differences between the Central Dome and the Southern Ridge.
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ArticleMineral carbonation of peridotite fueled by magmatic degassing and melt impregnation in an oceanic transform fault(National Academy of Sciences, 2024-02-12) Klein, Frieder ; Schroeder, Timothy ; John, Cedric M. ; Davis, Simon ; Humphris, Susan E. ; Seewald, Jeffrey S. ; Sichel, Susanna E. ; Bach, Wolfgang ; Brunelli, DanieleMost of the geologic CO2 entering Earth’s atmosphere and oceans is emitted along plate margins. While C-cycling at mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones has been studied for decades, little attention has been paid to degassing of magmatic CO2 and mineral carbonation of mantle rocks in oceanic transform faults. We studied the formation of soapstone (magnesite–talc rock) and other magnesite-bearing assemblages during mineral carbonation of mantle peridotite in the St. Paul’s transform fault, equatorial Atlantic. Clumped carbonate thermometry of soapstone yields a formation (or equilibration) temperature of 147 ± 13 °C which, based on thermodynamic constraints, suggests that CO2(aq) concentrations of the hydrothermal fluid were at least an order of magnitude higher than in seawater. The association of magnesite with apatite in veins, magnesite with a δ13C of −3.40 ± 0.04‰, and the enrichment of CO2 in hydrothermal fluids point to magmatic degassing and melt-impregnation as the main source of CO2. Melt-rock interaction related to gas-rich alkali olivine basalt volcanism near the St. Paul’s Rocks archipelago is manifested in systematic changes in peridotite compositions, notably a strong enrichment in incompatible elements with decreasing MgO/SiO2. These findings reveal a previously undocumented aspect of the geologic carbon cycle in one of the largest oceanic transform faults: Fueled by magmatism in or below the root zone of the transform fault and subsequent degassing, the fault constitutes a conduit for CO2-rich hydrothermal fluids, while carbonation of peridotite represents a vast sink for the emitted CO2.