Yang Xiaodong

No Thumbnail Available
Last Name
Yang
First Name
Xiaodong
ORCID

Filters

2022 2
2
2
Reset filters

Settings

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Article
    Mechanism of the 2017 M-w 6.3 Pasni earthquake and its significance for future major earthquakes in the eastern Makran
    (Oxford University Press, 2022-07-05) Yang, Xiaodong ; Qiu, Qiang ; Feng, Wanpeng ; Lin, Jian ; Zhang, Jinchang ; Zhou, Zhiyuan ; Zhang, Fan
    Makran subduction zone is very active with ∼38 mm yr−1 convergence rate and has experienced great earthquakes in the past. The latest great earthquake of 1945 Mw 8.1 event also triggered a large tsunami and led to ∼4000 casualties. However, due to incomplete historical seismicity records and poor modern instrumentation, earthquake mechanism, co-seismic slip and tsunami characteristics in Makran remain unclear. On 2017 February 17, an Mw 6.3 earthquake rattled offshore Pasni of Pakistan in the eastern Makran, marking the largest event after the 1945 Mw 8.1 earthquake with good geodetic and geophysical data coverage. We use a combination of seismicity, multibeam bathymetry, seismic profile, InSAR measurements and tide-gauge observation to investigate the seismogenic structure, co-seismic deformation, tsunami characteristics of this event and its implication for future major earthquakes. Our results indicate that (1) the earthquake occurred on the shallow-dipping (3°–4°) megathrust; (2) the megathrust co-seismically slipped 15 cm and caused ∼2–4 cm ground subsidence and uplift at Pasni; (3) our tsunami modelling reproduces the observed 5-cm-high small tsunami waveforms. The Pasni earthquake rupture largely overlaps the 1945 slip patch and disturbs the west and east megathrust segments that have not ruptured yet at least since 1765. With such stress perturbation and possible stress evolution effect from the 1945 earthquake, the unruptured patches may fail in the future. This study calls for more preparedness in mitigating earthquake and associated hazards in the eastern Makran.
  • Article
    Raised potential earthquake and tsunami hazards at the North Sulawesi subduction zone after a flurry of major seismicity
    (Elsevier, 2022-11-30) Zheng, Tingting ; Qiu, Qiang ; Lin, Jian ; Yang, Xiaodong
    The North Sulawesi subduction zone (NSSZ) was ruptured by a series of large earthquakes (Mw >7) since 1990s, generally triggered small to moderate tsunamis in the surrounding seas and ocean. But the 2018 Sulawesi Mw 7.5 earthquake ruptured the west subduction zone and induced a large tsunami that displaced hundreds of people. These large earthquakes, especially the deeper thrust events, generated stress loading to the shallow megathrust that could rupture to excite exceptional tsunami hazard as observed in Sumatra, Japan and the other subduction zones. Whether the stress loading from downdip events can trigger future failure of a shallow tsunami earthquake and its ensuring tsunami hazard impact remains elusive. Here we investigate the potential of earthquake and tsunami by analyzing the historical earthquake characteristics, calculating Coulomb stress changes and simulating hundreds of hypothetical earthquake ruptures to assess the plausible tsunami hazard in the NSSZ. Our results show that a series of Mw 7+ downdip megathrust earthquakes have loaded most of the megathrust, especially the shallow portion (<10 km), with increased stress >10 kPa, implicating a high potential of future large earthquakes and ensuring outsize tsunamis. Our modeled tsunami wave heights vary between >0 and 43 m along the North Sulawesi coastlines. One intriguing fact is that the end point of the tsunami wave energy dissipation path gains a comparable tsunami impact as the region in the rupture zone for all the magnitude considered, highlighting a dual-pattern threatened regions in the Celebes Sea. Importantly, the thrust and fold belt structure in the wide outer wedge of the accretionary prism and the strong seafloor bathymetry variation offshore Sulawesi Island could serve an efficient wave-amplification tool that need to be considered in future hazard assessment. Our findings alert that the earthquake and tsunami hazard potential are largely raised by these downdip major earthquakes.