Todd Jonathan A.

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Todd
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Jonathan A.
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  • Article
    Biological nomenclature terms for facilitating communication in the naming of organisms
    (Pensoft, 2012-05-08) David, John ; Garrity, George M. ; Greuter, Werner ; Hawksworth, David L. ; Jahn, Regine ; Kirk, Paul M. ; McNeill, John ; Michel, Ellinor ; Knapp, Sandra ; Patterson, David J. ; Tindall, Brian J. ; Todd, Jonathan A. ; Tol, Jan van ; Turland, Nicholas J.
    A set of terms recommended for use in facilitating communication in biological nomenclature is presented as a table showing broadly equivalent terms used in the traditional Codes of nomenclature. These terms are intended to help those engaged in naming across organism groups, and are the result of the work of the International Committee on Bionomenclature, whose aim is to promote harmonisation and communication amongst those naming life on Earth.
  • Article
    Formation of the Isthmus of Panama
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2016-08-17) O’Dea, Aaron ; Lessios, Harilaos ; Coates, Anthony ; Eytan, Ron I. ; Restrepo-Moreno, Sergio A. ; Cione, Alberto L. ; Collins, Laurel S. ; de Queiroz, Alan ; Farris, David W. ; Norris, Richard D. ; Stallard, Robert ; Woodburne, Michael ; Aguilera, Orangel ; Aubry, Marie-Pierre ; Berggren, William A. ; Budd, Ann F. ; Cozzuol, Mario A. ; Coppard, Simon E. ; Duque-Caro, Hermann ; Finnegan, Seth ; Gasparini, Germán M. ; Grossman, Ethan L. ; Johnson, Kenneth G. ; Keigwin, Lloyd D. ; Knowlton, Nancy ; Leigh, Egbert G. ; Leonard-Pingel, Jill S. ; Marko, Peter B. ; Pyenson, Nicholas ; Rachello-Dolmen, Paola G. ; Soibelzon, Esteban ; Soibelzon, Leopoldo ; Todd, Jonathan A. ; Vermeij, Geerat J. ; Jackson, Jeremy B. C.
    The formation of the Isthmus of Panama stands as one of the greatest natural events of the Cenozoic, driving profound biotic transformations on land and in the oceans. Some recent studies suggest that the Isthmus formed many millions of years earlier than the widely recognized age of approximately 3 million years ago (Ma), a result that if true would revolutionize our understanding of environmental, ecological, and evolutionary change across the Americas. To bring clarity to the question of when the Isthmus of Panama formed, we provide an exhaustive review and reanalysis of geological, paleontological, and molecular records. These independent lines of evidence converge upon a cohesive narrative of gradually emerging land and constricting seaways, with formation of the Isthmus of Panama sensu stricto around 2.8 Ma. The evidence used to support an older isthmus is inconclusive, and we caution against the uncritical acceptance of an isthmus before the Pliocene.