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ArticleBacterioplankton diversity and distribution in relation to phytoplankton community structure in the Ross Sea surface waters(Frontiers Media, 2022-01-27) Cordone, Angelina ; d'Errico, Giuseppe ; Magliulo, Maria ; Bolinesi, Francesco ; Selci, Matteo ; Basili, Marco ; de Marco, Rocco ; Saggiomo, Maria ; Rivaro, Paola ; Giovannelli, Donato ; Mangoni, OlgaPrimary productivity in the Ross Sea region is characterized by intense phytoplankton blooms whose temporal and spatial distribution are driven by changes in environmental conditions as well as interactions with the bacterioplankton community. However, the number of studies reporting the simultaneous diversity of the phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in Antarctic waters are limited. Here, we report data on the bacterial diversity in relation to phytoplankton community structure in the surface waters of the Ross Sea during the Austral summer 2017. Our results show partially overlapping bacterioplankton communities between the stations located in the Terra Nova Bay (TNB) coastal waters and the Ross Sea Open Waters (RSOWs), with a dominance of members belonging to the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. In the TNB coastal area, microbial communities were characterized by a higher abundance of sequences related to heterotrophic bacterial genera such as Polaribacter spp., together with higher phytoplankton biomass and higher relative abundance of diatoms. On the contrary, the phytoplankton biomass in the RSOW were lower, with relatively higher contribution of haptophytes and a higher abundance of sequences related to oligotrophic and mixothrophic bacterial groups like the Oligotrophic Marine Gammaproteobacteria (OMG) group and SAR11. We show that the rate of diversity change between the two locations is influenced by both abiotic (salinity and the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio) and biotic (phytoplankton community structure) factors. Our data provide new insight into the coexistence of the bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in Antarctic waters, suggesting that specific rather than random interaction contribute to the organic matter cycling in the Southern Ocean.
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ArticleGenomic and physiological characterization of Bacilli isolated from salt-pans with plant growth promoting features(Frontiers Media, 2021-09-13) Petrillo, Claudia ; Castaldi, Stefany ; Lanzilli, Mariamichela ; Selci, Matteo ; Cordone, Angelina ; Giovannelli, Donato ; Isticato, RacheleMassive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been the main strategy used to cope with the rising crop demands in the last decades. The indiscriminate use of chemicals while providing a temporary solution to food demand has led to a decrease in crop productivity and an increase in the environmental impact of modern agriculture. A sustainable alternative to the use of agrochemicals is the use of microorganisms naturally capable of enhancing plant growth and protecting crops from pests known as Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). Aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize PGPB from salt-pans sand samples with activities associated to plant fitness increase. To survive high salinity, salt-tolerant microbes produce a broad range of compounds with heterogeneous biological activities that are potentially beneficial for plant growth. A total of 20 halophilic spore-forming bacteria have been screened in vitro for phyto-beneficial traits and compared with other two members of Bacillus genus recently isolated from the rhizosphere of the same collection site and characterized as potential biocontrol agents. Whole-genome analysis on seven selected strains confirmed the presence of numerous gene clusters with PGP and biocontrol functions and of novel secondary-metabolite biosynthetic genes, which could exert beneficial impacts on plant growth and protection. The predicted biocontrol potential was confirmed in dual culture assays against several phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. Interestingly, the presence of predicted gene clusters with known biocontrol functions in some of the isolates was not predictive of the in vitro results, supporting the need of combining laboratory assays and genome mining in PGPB identification for future applications.
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ArticleThe helium and carbon isotope characteristics of the Andean Convergent Margin(Frontiers Media, 2022-06-13) Barry, Peter H. ; de Moor, J. Maarten ; Chiodi, Agostina ; Aguilera, Felipe ; Hudak, Michael R. ; Bekaert, David V. ; Turner, Stephen ; Curtice, Joshua ; Seltzer, Alan M. ; Jessen, Gerdhard L. ; Osses, Esteban ; Blamey, Jenny M. ; Amenabar, Maximiliano J. ; Selci, Matteo ; Cascone, Martina ; Bastianoni, Alessia ; Nakagawa, Mayuko ; Filipovich, Rubén ; Bustos, Emilce ; Schrenk, Matthew O. ; Buongiorno, Joy ; Ramirez, Carlos J. ; Rogers, Timothy J. ; Lloyd, Karen G. ; Giovannelli, DonatoSubduction zones represent the interface between Earth’s interior (crust and mantle) and exterior (atmosphere and oceans), where carbon and other volatile elements are actively cycled between Earth reservoirs by plate tectonics. Helium is a sensitive tracer of volatile sources and can be used to deconvolute mantle and crustal sources in arcs; however it is not thought to be recycled into the mantle by subduction processes. In contrast, carbon is readily recycled, mostly in the form of carbon-rich sediments, and can thus be used to understand volatile delivery via subduction. Further, carbon is chemically-reactive and isotope fractionation can be used to determine the main processes controlling volatile movements within arc systems. Here, we report helium isotope and abundance data for 42 deeply-sourced fluid and gas samples from the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) and Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) of the Andean Convergent Margin (ACM). Data are used to assess the influence of subduction parameters (e.g., crustal thickness, subduction inputs, and convergence rate) on the composition of volatiles in surface volcanic fluid and gas emissions. He isotopes from the CVZ backarc range from 0.1 to 2.6 RA (n = 23), with the highest values in the Puna and the lowest in the Sub-Andean foreland fold-and-thrust belt. Atmosphere-corrected He isotopes from the SVZ range from 0.7 to 5.0 RA (n = 19). Taken together, these data reveal a clear southeastward increase in 3He/4He, with the highest values (in the SVZ) falling below the nominal range associated with pure upper mantle helium (8 ± 1 RA), approaching the mean He isotope value for arc gases of (5.4 ± 1.9 RA). Notably, the lowest values are found in the CVZ, suggesting more significant crustal inputs (i.e., assimilation of 4He) to the helium budget. The crustal thickness in the CVZ (up to 70 km) is significantly larger than in the SVZ, where it is just ∼40 km. We suggest that crustal thickness exerts a primary control on the extent of fluid-crust interaction, as helium and other volatiles rise through the upper plate in the ACM. We also report carbon isotopes from (n = 11) sites in the CVZ, where δ13C varies between −15.3‰ and −1.2‰ [vs. Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB)] and CO2/3He values that vary by over two orders of magnitude (6.9 × 108–1.7 × 1011). In the SVZ, carbon isotope ratios are also reported from (n = 13) sites and vary between −17.2‰ and −4.1‰. CO2/3He values vary by over four orders of magnitude (4.7 × 107–1.7 × 1012). Low δ13C and CO2/3He values are consistent with CO2 removal (e.g., calcite precipitation and gas dissolution) in shallow hydrothermal systems. Carbon isotope fractionation modeling suggests that calcite precipitation occurs at temperatures coincident with the upper temperature limit for life (122°C), suggesting that biology may play a role in C-He systematics of arc-related volcanic fluid and gas emissions.
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ArticleSurface bacterioplankton community structure crossing the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Fronts(MDPI, 2023-03-09) Cordone, Angelina ; Selci, Matteo ; Barosa, Bernardo ; Bastianoni, Alessia ; Bastoni, Deborah ; Bolinesi, Francesco ; Capuozzo, Rosaria ; Cascone, Martina ; Correggia, Monica ; Corso, Davide ; Di Iorio, Luciano ; Misic, Cristina ; Montemagno, Francesco ; Ricciardelli, Annarita ; Saggiomo, Maria ; Tonietti, Luca ; Mangoni, Olga ; Giovannelli, DonatoThe Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the major current in the Southern Ocean, isolating the warm stratified subtropical waters from the more homogeneous cold polar waters. The ACC flows from west to east around Antarctica and generates an overturning circulation by fostering deep-cold water upwelling and the formation of new water masses, thus affecting the Earth's heat balance and the global distribution of carbon. The ACC is characterized by several water mass boundaries or fronts, known as the Subtropical Front (STF), Subantarctic Front (SAF), Polar Front (PF), and South Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (SACCF), identified by typical physical and chemical properties. While the physical characteristics of these fronts have been characterized, there is still poor information regarding the microbial diversity of this area. Here we present the surface water bacterioplankton community structure based on 16S rRNA sequencing from 13 stations sampled in 2017 between New Zealand to the Ross Sea crossing the ACC Fronts. Our results show a distinct succession in the dominant bacterial phylotypes present in the different water masses and suggest a strong role of sea surface temperatures and the availability of Carbon and Nitrogen in controlling community composition. This work represents an important baseline for future studies on the response of Southern Ocean epipelagic microbial communities to climate change.
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ArticleMapping the microbial diversity associated with different geochemical regimes in the shallow-water hydrothermal vents of the Aeolian archipelago, Italy(Frontiers Media, 2023-08-10) Barosa, Bernardo ; Ferrillo, Alessandra ; Selci, Matteo ; Giardina, Marco ; Bastianoni, Alessia ; Correggia, Monica ; Iorio, Luciano di ; Bernardi, Giulia ; Cascone, Martina ; Capuozzo, Rosaria ; Intoccia, Michele ; Price, Roy ; Vetriani, Costantino ; Cordone, Angelina ; Giovannelli, DonatoShallow-water hydrothermal vents are unique marine environments ubiquitous along the coast of volcanically active regions of the planet. In contrast to their deep-sea counterparts, primary production at shallow-water vents relies on both photoautotrophy and chemoautotrophy. Such processes are supported by a range of geochemical regimes driven by different geological settings. The Aeolian archipelago, located in the southern Tyrrhenian sea, is characterized by intense hydrothermal activity and harbors some of the best sampled shallow-water vents of the Mediterranean Sea. Despite this, the correlation between microbial diversity, geochemical regimes and geological settings of the different volcanic islands of the archipelago is largely unknown. Here, we report the microbial diversity associated with six distinct shallow-water hydrothermal vents of the Aeolian Islands using a combination of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing along with physicochemical and geochemical measurements. Samples were collected from biofilms, fluids and sediments from shallow vents on the islands of Lipari, Panarea, Salina, and Vulcano. Two new shallow vent locations are described here for the first time. Our results show the presence of diverse microbial communities consistent in their composition with the local geochemical regimes. The shallow water vents of the Aeolian Islands harbor highly diverse microbial community and should be included in future conservation efforts.
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ArticleComplex organic matter degradation by secondary consumers in chemolithoautotrophy-based subsurface geothermal ecosystems(Public Library of Science, 2023-08-18) Paul, Raegan ; Rogers, Timothy J. ; Fullerton, Kate M. ; Selci, Matteo ; Cascone, Martina ; Stokes, Murray H. ; Steen, Andrew D. ; de Moor, J. Maarten ; Chiodi, Agostina ; Stefansson, Andri ; Halldorsson, Saemundur ; Ramirez, Carlos J. ; Jessen, Gerdhard L. ; Barry, Peter H. ; Cordone, Angelina ; Giovannelli, Donato ; Lloyd, Karen G.Microbial communities in terrestrial geothermal systems often contain chemolithoautotrophs with well-characterized distributions and metabolic capabilities. However, the extent to which organic matter produced by these chemolithoautotrophs supports heterotrophs remains largely unknown. Here we compared the abundance and activity of peptidases and carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are predicted to be extracellular identified in metagenomic assemblies from 63 springs in the Central American and the Andean convergent margin (Argentinian backarc of the Central Volcanic Zone), as well as the plume-influenced spreading center in Iceland. All assemblies contain two orders of magnitude more peptidases than CAZymes, suggesting that the microorganisms more often use proteins for their carbon and/or nitrogen acquisition instead of complex sugars. The CAZy families in highest abundance are GH23 and CBM50, and the most abundant peptidase families are M23 and C26, all four of which degrade peptidoglycan found in bacterial cells. This implies that the heterotrophic community relies on autochthonous dead cell biomass, rather than allochthonous plant matter, for organic material. Enzymes involved in the degradation of cyanobacterial- and algal-derived compounds are in lower abundance at every site, with volcanic sites having more enzymes degrading cyanobacterial compounds and non-volcanic sites having more enzymes degrading algal compounds. Activity assays showed that many of these enzyme classes are active in these samples. High temperature sites (> 80°C) had similar extracellular carbon-degrading enzymes regardless of their province, suggesting a less well-developed population of secondary consumers at these sites, possibly connected with the limited extent of the subsurface biosphere in these high temperature sites. We conclude that in < 80°C springs, chemolithoautotrophic production supports heterotrophs capable of degrading a wide range of organic compounds that do not vary by geological province, even though the taxonomic and respiratory repertoire of chemolithoautotrophs and heterotrophs differ greatly across these regions.
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ArticleFaunal colonists, including mussel settlers, respond to microbial biofilms at deep-sea hydrothermal vents(Elsevier, 2024-04-29) Ladd, Tanika M. ; Selci, Matteo ; Davis, Dexter J. ; Cannon, Olivia ; Plowman, Caitlin Q. ; Schlegel, Ian ; Inaba, Aila ; Mills, Susan Wier ; Vetriani, Costantino ; Mullineaux, Lauren S. ; Arellano, Shawn M.Colonization processes at dynamic deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems ultimately determine ecosystem structure, function, resilience, and recovery. Microbial biofilms form rapidly on surfaces near hydrothermal vents and are continuously exposed to the highly variable abiotic environment. Thus, biofilm microbes may provide a temporally integrated signal that can indicate whether the habitat is suitable for faunal colonists. This study explored the role of microbial biofilms in controlling faunal colonization through in-situ colonization experiments at Tica Vent in the 9°50’ N region of the East Pacific Rise (EPR). Short-term experiments (∼2 weeks) were conducted by deploying colonization surfaces (“sandwiches”) either with an established biofilm (developed for >1 year) or a fresh biofilm (developed throughout experiment) in zones characterized by different faunal assemblages. Differences in associated larval settlers, faunal immigrants, and microbial communities according to biofilm age across multiple biogenic zones were investigated. Faunal and microbial community compositions significantly differed according to whether the sandwiches had established or fresh biofilms as well as the biogenic zone they were deployed in. Several faunal colonists, including settlers such as the foundational chemosymbiotic mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus and the nectochaete Archinome sp., were found associated more with established biofilms than fresh biofilms. Microbial biofilm communities were dominated by putative chemoautotrophic members of the Campylobacterota phylum and Gammaproteobacteria class and several microbial taxa were found to covary with faunal colonists. Overall, these findings show that microbial community composition plays a role in larval settlement and animal migration in hydrothermal vent systems and the detection of microbial and faunal interactions provides a starting point for identifying key microbial characteristics influencing colonization processes at hydrothermal vents.