Padman Laurie

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Padman
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Laurie
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  • Article
    Toward quantifying the increasing role oceanic heat in sea ice loss in the new Arctic
    (American Meteorological Society, 2015-12) Carmack, Eddy C. ; Polyakov, Igor V. ; Padman, Laurie ; Fer, Ilker ; Hunke, Elizabeth C. ; Hutchings, Jennifer K. ; Jackson, Jennifer M. ; Kelley, Daniel E. ; Kwok, Ron ; Layton, Chantelle ; Melling, Humfrey ; Perovich, Donald K. ; Persson, Ola ; Ruddick, Barry R. ; Timmermans, Mary-Louise ; Toole, John M. ; Ross, Tetjana ; Vavrus, Steve ; Winsor, Peter
    The loss of Arctic sea ice has emerged as a leading signal of global warming. This, together with acknowledged impacts on other components of the Earth system, has led to the term “the new Arctic.” Global coupled climate models predict that ice loss will continue through the twenty-first century, with implications for governance, economics, security, and global weather. A wide range in model projections reflects the complex, highly coupled interactions between the polar atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere, including teleconnections to lower latitudes. This paper summarizes our present understanding of how heat reaches the ice base from the original sources—inflows of Atlantic and Pacific Water, river discharge, and summer sensible heat and shortwave radiative fluxes at the ocean/ice surface—and speculates on how such processes may change in the new Arctic. The complexity of the coupled Arctic system, and the logistic and technological challenges of working in the Arctic Ocean, require a coordinated interdisciplinary and international program that will not only improve understanding of this critical component of global climate but will also provide opportunities to develop human resources with the skills required to tackle related problems in complex climate systems. We propose a research strategy with components that include 1) improved mapping of the upper- and middepth Arctic Ocean, 2) enhanced quantification of important process, 3) expanded long-term monitoring at key heat-flux locations, and 4) development of numerical capabilities that focus on parameterization of heat-flux mechanisms and their interactions.
  • Article
    Seals map bathymetry of the Antarctic continental shelf
    (American Geophysical Union, 2010-11-03) Padman, Laurie ; Costa, Daniel P. ; Bolmer, S. Thompson ; Goebel, Michael E. ; Huckstadt, Luis A. ; Jenkins, Adrian ; McDonald, Birgitte I. ; Shoosmith, Deborah R.
    We demonstrate the first use of marine mammal dive-depth data to improve maps of bathymetry in poorly sampled regions of the continental shelf. A group of 57 instrumented elephant seals made on the order of 2 × 105 dives over and near the continental shelf on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula during five seasons, 2005–2009. Maximum dive depth exceeded 2000 m. For dives made near existing ship tracks with measured water depths H<700 m, ∼30% of dive depths were to the seabed, consistent with expected benthic foraging behavior. By identifying the deepest of multiple dives within small areas as a dive to the seabed, we have developed a map of seal-derived bathymetry. Our map fills in several regions for which trackline data are sparse, significantly improving delineation of troughs crossing the continental shelf of the southern Bellingshausen Sea.
  • Article
    Ocean variability contributing to basal melt rate near the ice front of Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2014-07-09) Arzeno, Isabella B. ; Beardsley, Robert C. ; Limeburner, Richard ; Owens, W. Brechner ; Padman, Laurie ; Springer, Scott R. ; Stewart, Craig L. ; Williams, Michael J. M.
    Basal melting of ice shelves is an important, but poorly understood, cause of Antarctic ice sheet mass loss and freshwater production. We use data from two moorings deployed through Ross Ice Shelf, ∼6 and ∼16 km south of the ice front east of Ross Island, and numerical models to show how the basal melting rate near the ice front depends on sub-ice-shelf ocean variability. The moorings measured water velocity, conductivity, and temperature for ∼2 months starting in late November 2010. About half of the current velocity variance was due to tides, predominantly diurnal components, with the remainder due to subtidal oscillations with periods of a few days. Subtidal variability was dominated by barotropic currents that were large until mid-December and significantly reduced afterward. Subtidal currents were correlated between moorings but uncorrelated with local winds, suggesting the presence of waves or eddies that may be associated with the abrupt change in water column thickness and strong hydrographic gradients at the ice front. Estimated melt rate was ∼1.2 ± 0.5 m a−1 at each site during the deployment period, consistent with measured trends in ice surface elevation from GPS time series. The models predicted similar annual-averaged melt rates with a strong annual cycle related to seasonal provision of warm water to the ice base. These results show that accurately modeling the high spatial and temporal ocean variability close to the ice-shelf front is critical to predicting time-dependent and mean values of meltwater production and ice-shelf thinning.