Murray Christopher S.

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Murray
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Christopher S.
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  • Dataset
    Survival data from static and fluctuating pCO2 x dissolved oxygen (DO) experiments on Menidia menidia
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-10-31) Cross, Emma L. ; Murray, Christopher S. ; Baumann, Hannes
    Coastal ecosystems experience substantial natural fluctuations in pCO2 and dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions on diel, tidal, seasonal and interannual timescales. Rising carbon dioxide emissions and anthropogenic nutrient input are expected to increase these pCO2 and DO cycles in severity and duration of acidification and hypoxia. How coastal marine organisms respond to natural pCO2 × DO variability and future climate change remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the impact of static and cycling pCO2 × DO conditions of various magnitudes and frequencies on early life survival and growth of an important coastal forage fish, Menidia menidia. Static low DO conditions severely decreased embryo survival, larval survival, time to 50% hatch, size at hatch and post-larval growth rates. Static elevated pCO2 did not affect most response traits, however, a synergistic negative effect did occur on embryo survival under hypoxic conditions (3.0 mg L-1). Cycling pCO2 × DO, however, reduced these negative effects of static conditions on all response traits with the magnitude of fluctuations influencing the extent of this reduction. This indicates that fluctuations in pCO2 and DO may benefit coastal organisms by providing periodic physiological refuge from stressful conditions, which could promote species adaptability to climate change. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/777117
  • Dataset
    Survival of northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius offspring under factorial CO2 x temperature conditions
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2021-05-27) Murray, Christopher S. ; Wiley, David ; Baumann, Hannes
    Survival source data of 2016-2018 experimental work on the sensitivity of northern sand lance (A. dubius) offspring to combined ocean warming and acidification. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/749429
  • Dataset
    Morphometrics of northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius offspring reared under factorial CO2 x temperature conditions
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-09-23) Murray, Christopher S. ; Wiley, David ; Baumann, Hannes
    Morphometric source data of 2016-2018 experimental work on the sensitivity of northern sand lance (A. dubius) offspring to combined ocean warming and acidification. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/749958
  • Dataset
    Carbonate chemistry data from static and fluctuating pCO2 x dissolved oxygen (DO) experiments on Menidia menidia
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-10-31) Cross, Emma L. ; Murray, Christopher S. ; Baumann, Hannes
    Coastal ecosystems experience substantial natural fluctuations in pCO2 and dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions on diel, tidal, seasonal and interannual timescales. Rising carbon dioxide emissions and anthropogenic nutrient input are expected to increase these pCO2 and DO cycles in severity and duration of acidification and hypoxia. How coastal marine organisms respond to natural pCO2 × DO variability and future climate change remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the impact of static and cycling pCO2 × DO conditions of various magnitudes and frequencies on early life survival and growth of an important coastal forage fish, Menidia menidia. Static low DO conditions severely decreased embryo survival, larval survival, time to 50% hatch, size at hatch and post-larval growth rates. Static elevated pCO2 did not affect most response traits, however, a synergistic negative effect did occur on embryo survival under hypoxic conditions (3.0 mg L-1). Cycling pCO2 × DO, however, reduced these negative effects of static conditions on all response traits with the magnitude of fluctuations influencing the extent of this reduction. This indicates that fluctuations in pCO2 and DO may benefit coastal organisms by providing periodic physiological refuge from stressful conditions, which could promote species adaptability to climate change. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/777144
  • Dataset
    CO2 × temperature specific early life survival and growth of Menidia menidia assessed by 5 factorial experiments
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2018-07-24) Murray, Christopher S. ; Baumann, Hannes
    In five individual rearing experiments, wild-caught M. menidia adults were spawned to test offspring sensitivity to factorial combinations of pCO2 (nominal: 400, 2200, 4000, and 6000 µatm) and temperature (17, 20, 24, and 28 °C) through measurements of early-life survival and growth. For experiment 1, adults were collected from Poquot Beach (40.947376, -73.10258), and the experiment took place at Stony Brook University’s Flax Pond Marine Laboratory. For experiments 2–5, spawning adults were collected from Mumford Cove (41.321526, -72.015247), and experiments were conducted in the Rankin Seawater Facility at University of Connecticut’s Avery Point campus. The experiments quantified two survival and two growth traits for each replicate and CO2 × temperature treatment; embryo survival (fertilization to 1 dph), larval survival (1 dph to experiment termination), size (SL) at hatch (1 dph), and growth rate ((SL at end of experiment – SL 1dph)/number days reared post hatch). These data are published in: Murray, C.S., and Baumann, H. (2018) You Better Repeat It: Complex CO2 × Temperature Effects in Atlantic Silverside Offspring Revealed by Serial experimentation. Diversity. doi:10.3390/d10030069. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the supplemental document 'Field_names.pdf', and a full dataset description is included in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/732818
  • Dataset
    Survival of northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius offspring under factorial CO2 x temperature conditions
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-09-23) Murray, Christopher S. ; Wiley, David ; Baumann, Hannes
    Survival source data of 2016-2018 experimental work on the sensitivity of northern sand lance (A. dubius) offspring to combined ocean warming and acidification. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/749429
  • Dataset
    Growth data from static and fluctuating pCO2 x dissolved oxygen (DO) experiments on Menidia menidia
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-10-31) Cross, Emma L. ; Murray, Christopher S. ; Baumann, Hannes
    Coastal ecosystems experience substantial natural fluctuations in pCO2 and dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions on diel, tidal, seasonal and interannual timescales. Rising carbon dioxide emissions and anthropogenic nutrient input are expected to increase these pCO2 and DO cycles in severity and duration of acidification and hypoxia. How coastal marine organisms respond to natural pCO2 × DO variability and future climate change remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the impact of static and cycling pCO2 × DO conditions of various magnitudes and frequencies on early life survival and growth of an important coastal forage fish, Menidia menidia. Static low DO conditions severely decreased embryo survival, larval survival, time to 50% hatch, size at hatch and post-larval growth rates. Static elevated pCO2 did not affect most response traits, however, a synergistic negative effect did occur on embryo survival under hypoxic conditions (3.0 mg L-1). Cycling pCO2 × DO, however, reduced these negative effects of static conditions on all response traits with the magnitude of fluctuations influencing the extent of this reduction. This indicates that fluctuations in pCO2 and DO may benefit coastal organisms by providing periodic physiological refuge from stressful conditions, which could promote species adaptability to climate change. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/777130
  • Dataset
    CO2, temperature, and oxygen effects on Atlantic silverside metabolic rates
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2020-11-13) Baumann, Hannes ; Nye, Janet ; Murray, Christopher S. ; Schwemmer, Teresa ; Molina, Adelle I. ; Cross, Emma L.
    Metabolic rates of Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) embryos and larvae reared in six separate experiments in 2016 and 2017. Four experiments used factorial combinations of CO2 and temperature, and two experiments used combinations of CO2 and oxygen. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/827774
  • Article
    Two distinct population clusters of northern sand lance ( Ammodytes dubius ) on the northwest Atlantic shelf revealed by whole genome sequencing
    (Oxford University Press, 2022-12-05) Jones, Lucas F. ; Lou, R. Nicolas ; Murray, Christopher S. ; Robert, Dominique ; Bourne, Christina M. ; Bouchard, Caroline ; Kučka, Marek ; Chan, Y. Frank ; Carlon, David B. ; Wiley, David N. ; Therkildsen, Nina O. ; Baumann, Hannes
    Abstract Northern sand lance (Ammodytes dubius) are essential forage fish in most offshore, temperate-to-polar waters on the Northwest Atlantic shelf (NWA), but their population structure and genetic separation from the American sand lance (A. americanus) remain unresolved. We assembled a reference genome for A. dubius (first in the Ammodytidae) and then used low-coverage whole genome sequencing on 262 specimens collected across the species distribution (Mid-Atlantic Bight to Greenland) to quantify genetic differentiation between geographic regions based on single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found strong separation between A. dubius from locations north and south of the Scotian Shelf, largely due to massive genetic differentiation spanning most of chromosomes 21 and 24. Genetic distance increased with geographic distance in the smaller southern cluster but not in the larger northern cluster, where genetic homogeneity appeared across large geographic distances (>103 km). The two genetic clusters coincide with a clear break in winter sea surface temperature, suggesting that differential offspring survival, rather than limited transport, causes a break in realized connectivity. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA both clearly delineated A. dubius from A. americanus, thereby confirming a species boundary through spatial niche partitioning into inshore (A. americanus) and offshore (A. dubius) sand lance species on the NWA.
  • Article
    The combined effects of acidification and acute warming on the embryos of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)
    (Frontiers Media, 2023-12-17) Singh, Nicole R. ; Love, Brooke A. ; Murray, Christopher S. ; Sobocinski, Kathryn L. ; Cooper, W. James
    Anthropogenic climate change is projected to affect marine ecosystems by challenging the environmental tolerance of individuals. Marine fishes may be particularly vulnerable to emergent climate stressors during early life stages. Here we focus on embryos of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), an important forage fish species widely distributed across the North Pacific. Embryos were reared under a range of temperatures (10-16°C) crossed with two pCO2 levels (600 and 2000 μatm) to investigate effects on metabolism and survival. We further tested how elevated pCO2 affects critical thermal tolerance (CTmax) by challenging embryos to short-term temperature fluctuations. Experiments were repeated on embryos collected from winter and spring spawning populations to determine if spawning phenology corresponds with different limits of environmental tolerance in offspring. We found that embryos could withstand acute exposure to 20°C regardless of spawning population or incubation treatment, but that survival was greatly reduced after 2-3 hours at 25°C. We found that pCO2 had limited effects on CTmax. The survival of embryos reared under chronically warm conditions (12°, 14°, or 16°C) was significantly lower relative to 10°C treatments in both populations. Oxygen consumption rates (MO2) were also higher at elevated temperatures and pCO2 levels. However, heart contraction measurements made 48 hours after CTmax exposure revealed a greater increase in heart rate in embryos reared at 10°C compared to 16°C, suggesting acclimation at higher incubation temperatures. Our results indicate that Pacific herring are generally tolerant of pCO2 but are vulnerable to acute temperature stress. Importantly, spring-spawning embryos did not clearly exhibit a higher tolerance to heat stress compared to winter offspring.