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Technical ReportThe general circulation of the atmosphere : 2000 program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2001-03) Salmon, Rick ; Held, Issac M. ; Fields, Janet ; Thiffeault, Jean-LucIn its millenial session, the GFD program focused on "The General Circulation of the Atmosphere." Isaac Held led the charge with an inspiring two-week introductory course, strongly supported by the lectures of Alan Plumb, Wayne Schubert, Michael Cullen, and Oliver Buhler. As the dust settled, the important concept of pseudomomentum shone brightly in the sky above Walsh Cottage. This is a concept which has virtually transformed meteorology within the past 20 years, yet it remains mostly unfamiliar to oceanographers and others. Thus our "pseudomomentum summer" perfectly fit the GFD mission of diffusing ideas across disciplinary boundaries. As the summer wore on, the range of topics broadened in its customary way to include: the general circulation of Jupiter and Mars; lattice-Boltzmann and gas-kinetic methods for solving the equations of fluid mechanics; the scattering of sound waves; the heating of the universe; and many more topics too numerous to list.
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Technical ReportStirring and mixing : 1999 Program of Summer Study in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2000-07) Balmforth, Neil J. ; Young, William R. ; Fields, Janet ; Thiffeault, Jean-Luc ; Pasquero, ClaudiaThe central theme of the 1999 GFD Program was the stirring, transport, reaction and mixing of passive and active tracers in turbulent, stratified, rotating fluids. The problem of mixing in fluids has applications in areas ranging from oceanography to engineering and astrophysics. In geophysical settings, mixing spans and unites a broad range of scales -- from micrometers to megameters. The mixing of passive tracers is of fundamental importance in environmental and industrial problems, such as pollution, and in determining the large-scale heat and salt balance of the worlds oceans. The transport of active tracers, on the other hand, such as vorticity, plays a key role in the turbulence that occurs in most geophysical and astrophysical fluids. William R. Young (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) gave a series of principal lectures, the notes of which as taken by the fellows, appear in this volume. Report of the projects of the student fellows makes up the second half of this volume.