Torchin Mark

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Torchin
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Mark
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  • Article
    INVASIVESNET towards an international association for open knowledge on invasive alien species
    (Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre, 2016-06-07) Lucy, Frances E. ; Roy, Helen ; Simpson, Annie ; Carlton, James T. ; Hanson, John Mark ; Magellan, Kit ; Campbell, Marnie L. ; Costello, Mark J. ; Pagad, Shyama ; Hewitt, Chad L. ; McDonald, Justin ; Cassey, Phillip ; Thomaz, Sidinei M. ; Katsanevakis, Stelios ; Zenetos, Argyro ; Tricarico, Elena ; Boggero, Angela ; Groom, Quentin J. ; Adriaens, Tim ; Vanderhoeven, Sonia ; Torchin, Mark ; Hufbauer, Ruth ; Fuller, Pam ; Carman, Mary R. ; Conn, David Bruce ; Vitule, Jean R. S. ; Canning-Clode, Joao ; Galil, Bella S. ; Ojaveer, Henn ; Bailey, Sarah A. ; Therriault, Thomas W. ; Claudi, Renata ; Gazda, Anna ; Dick, Jaimie T. A. ; Caffrey, Joe ; Witt, Arne ; Kenis, Marc ; Lehtiniemi, Maiju ; Helmisaari, Harry ; Panov, Vadim E.
    In a world where invasive alien species (IAS) are recognised as one of the major threats to biodiversity, leading scientists from five continents have come together to propose the concept of developing an international association for open knowledge and open data on IAS—termed “INVASIVESNET”. This new association will facilitate greater understanding and improved management of invasive alien species (IAS) and biological invasions globally, by developing a sustainable network of networks for effective knowledge exchange. In addition to their inclusion in the CBD Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, the increasing ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts associated with IAS have driven the development of multiple legal instruments and policies. This increases the need for greater co-ordination, co-operation, and information exchange among scientists, management, the community of practice and the public. INVASIVESNET will be formed by linking new and existing networks of interested stakeholders including international and national expert working groups and initiatives, individual scientists, database managers, thematic open access journals, environmental agencies, practitioners, managers, industry, non-government organisations, citizens and educational bodies. The association will develop technical tools and cyberinfrastructure for the collection, management and dissemination of data and information on IAS; create an effective communication platform for global stakeholders; and promote coordination and collaboration through international meetings, workshops, education, training and outreach. To date, the sustainability of many strategic national and international initiatives on IAS have unfortunately been hampered by time-limited grants or funding cycles. Recognising that IAS initiatives need to be globally coordinated and on-going, we aim to develop a sustainable knowledge sharing association to connect the outputs of IAS research and to inform the consequential management and societal challenges arising from IAS introductions. INVASIVESNET will provide a dynamic and enduring network of networks to ensure the continuity of connections among the IAS community of practice, science and management.
  • Article
    Recent introductions reveal differential susceptibility to parasitism across an evolutionary mosaic
    (Wiley Open Access, 2019-09-04) Tepolt, Carolyn K. ; Darling, John A. ; Blakeslee, April M. H. ; Fowler, Amy E. ; Torchin, Mark ; Miller, A. Whitman ; Ruiz, Gregory
    Parasitism can represent a potent agent of selection, and introduced parasites have the potential to substantially alter their new hosts' ecology and evolution. While significant impacts have been reported for parasites that switch to new host species, the effects of macroparasite introduction into naïve populations of host species with which they have evolved remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate how the estuarine white‐fingered mud crab (Rhithropanopeus harrisii ) has adapted to parasitism by an introduced rhizocephalan parasite (Loxothylacus panopaei ) that castrates its host. While the host crab is native to much of the East and Gulf Coasts of North America, its parasite is native only to the southern end of this range. Fifty years ago, the parasite invaded the mid‐Atlantic, gradually expanding through previously naïve host populations. Thus, different populations of the same host species have experienced different degrees of historical interaction (and thus potential evolutionary response time) with the parasite: long term, short term, and naïve. In nine estuaries across this range, we examined whether and how parasite prevalence and host susceptibility to parasitism differs depending on the length of the host's history with the parasite. In field surveys, we found that the parasite was significantly more prevalent in its introduced range (i.e., short‐term interaction) than in its native range (long‐term interaction), a result that was also supported by a meta‐analysis of prevalence data covering the 50 years since its introduction. In controlled laboratory experiments, host susceptibility to parasitism was significantly higher in naïve hosts than in hosts from the parasite's native range, suggesting that host resistance to parasitism is under selection. These results suggest that differences in host–parasite historical interaction can alter the consequences of parasite introductions in host populations. As anthropogenically driven range shifts continue, disruptions of host–parasite evolutionary relationships may become an increasingly important driver of ecological and evolutionary change.
  • Dataset
    Community composition (relative abundance) separated by native and cryptogenic, and introduced species of each community from coastal sites across a geographic gradient spanning the sub-arctic to the tropics from 2015-2017
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2021-08-30) Freestone, Amy ; Torchin, Mark ; Lopez, Diana P. ; Bonfim, Mariana ; Jurgens, Laura ; Repetto, Michele F. ; Schloder, Carmen ; Ruiz, Gregory
    Community composition of sessile marine invertebrates from coastal sites across a geographic gradient spanning the sub-arctic to the tropics. Community composition is divided into two data sets. One corresponds to the community composition of the introduced species found in each community, and the other data set corresponds to the community composition of native and cryptogenic species found in each community. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/850190
  • Article
    Natural experiments and long-term monitoring are critical to understand and predict marine host-microbe ecology and evolution
    (Public Library of Science, 2021-08-19) Leray, Matthieu ; Wilkins, Laetitia G. E. ; Apprill, Amy ; Bik, Holly M. ; Clever, Friederike ; Connolly, Sean R. ; De León, Marina E. ; Duffy, J. Emmett ; Ezzat, Leïla ; Gignoux-Wolfsohn, Sarah ; Herre, Edward Allen ; Kaye, Jonathan Z. ; Kline, David ; Kueneman, Jordan G. ; McCormick, Melissa K. ; McMillan, W. Owen ; O’Dea, Aaron ; Pereira, Tiago J. ; Petersen, Jillian M. ; Petticord, Daniel F. ; Torchin, Mark ; Vega Thurber, Rebecca ; Videvall, Elin ; Wcislo, William T. ; Yuen, Benedict ; Eisen, Jonathan A.
    Marine multicellular organisms host a diverse collection of bacteria, archaea, microbial eukaryotes, and viruses that form their microbiome. Such host-associated microbes can significantly influence the host’s physiological capacities; however, the identity and functional role(s) of key members of the microbiome (“core microbiome”) in most marine hosts coexisting in natural settings remain obscure. Also unclear is how dynamic interactions between hosts and the immense standing pool of microbial genetic variation will affect marine ecosystems’ capacity to adjust to environmental changes. Here, we argue that significantly advancing our understanding of how host-associated microbes shape marine hosts’ plastic and adaptive responses to environmental change requires (i) recognizing that individual host–microbe systems do not exist in an ecological or evolutionary vacuum and (ii) expanding the field toward long-term, multidisciplinary research on entire communities of hosts and microbes. Natural experiments, such as time-calibrated geological events associated with well-characterized environmental gradients, provide unique ecological and evolutionary contexts to address this challenge. We focus here particularly on mutualistic interactions between hosts and microbes, but note that many of the same lessons and approaches would apply to other types of interactions.