International Indian Ocean Expedition

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  • Other
    News bulletin : narrative report: Anton Bruun cruise
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1963-1965) International Indian Ocean Expedition
    News bulletin for participants
  • Working Paper
    Final cruise report, Anton Bruun cruises 4A and 4B : oceanographic data, bathythermograph positions, station lists for biological collections
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1965-01) International Indian Ocean Expedition
    Cruise IV of the ANTON BRUUN was planned as a three-month multi-disciplinary exploration of the Arabian Sea during the fall of 1963. The interests of applicants for the cruise ranged from chemistry and microbiology to the taxonomy, distribution, and biochemistry of the large invertebrates and fishes. In addition, Cruise IV was scheduled as one of the cooperative cruises with the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, whose personnel had planned an intensive bottom-trawling program to determine the distribution and abundance of commercially valuable species of benthic fishes and invertebrates on the continental shelf around the periphery of the Arabian Sea. Because of the broad scope of the program, the large number of qualified applicants who wished to take part, and the fact that some of the planned activities were mutually exclusive in terms of geographical area, shipboard space, etc., it was decided to split Cruise 4 into two sections, both to work in the Arabian Sea but each with different objectives, scientific programs, and personnel. Cruise IV-A included the basic program of hydrography, chemistry, and plankton biology, with extra sampling time provided for additional work in chemistry and microbiology. The basic program included 40 hydrographic casts, usually to the bottom, for determination of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, silicate, primary productivity, and chlorophyll. Three types of plankton samples were taken: (1) vertical tows from 200 meters with an Indian Ocean Standard Net, (2) vertical tows from 200 meters with a micro-plankton net, and (3) an oblique series from depth intervals of 2000-1000, 1000-500, 500-250, 250-125, and 125-0 meters with the Bé multiple plankton sampler. Special studies on Cruise 4A included sampling for dissolved and particulate organic carbon, dissolved and particulate organic nitrogen, particulate phosphorus, and particulate iron, dissolved molybdinum, culture and isolation of nitrifying bacteria, uptake of N15-tagged atmospheric nitrogen, nitrate, and ammonia, enrichment cultures of phytoplankton to study limiting factors to their growth, and sampling for larval and adult scombroid fishes. Cruise IV-A consisted for the most part of sections from the central part of the Arabian Sea into and normal to the coast. Because of time limitations, the work was concentrated in the Western Arabian Sea. Cruise IV-B consisted almost exclusively of shallow-water bottom trawling with a Gulf-of-Mexico shrimp trawl on the continental shelf from Bombay to Aden. In addition, some dredging, set-lining, handlining, and dip-netting were carried out. Basic hydrographic stations were not made on Cruise IV-B but surface and bottom measurements of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and phosphate were made routinely at each trawling station. Reference is made to U. S. Program in Biology, I.I.O.E., News Bulletins 5 and 6 (Narrative reports of Cruises IV-A and IV-B) for a more detailed description of the work accomplished on these two cruises.
  • Working Paper
    Final cruise report, Anton Bruun cruise 6 : oceanographic data, bathythermograph positions, station lists for biological collections
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1965-07) International Indian Ocean Expedition
    Cruise 6 of the R/V ANTON BRUUN, originating from Bombay on May 15 and terminating at Durban, South Africa on July 16, 1964, was the second of two cruises on which a special effort was made to sample the meso- and bathypelagic fauna of the western Indian Ocean. Collections were made with a 10-ft Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl at 61 stations from about 18° N latitude to 41° S latitude, along the 65° E meridian. In addition to the midwater trawl collections, the basic program of hydrography, biological oceanography, and primary production was continued. Presented in this report are the reduced oceanographic, chemical, and biological data, station lists of plankton, midwater trawl, and miscellaneous biological collections, and bathythermograph positions for Cruise 6. A narrative report of Cruise 6 was issued as News Bulletin No.8 of the U. S. Program in Biology, IIOE, dated December, 1964.
  • Working Paper
    Final cruise report, Anton Bruun cruise 5 : oceanographic data, bathythermograph positions, station lists for biological collections
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1965-03) International Indian Ocean Expedition
    Cruise 5 of the R/V ANTON BRUUN originated from Bombay on January 26 and terminated at Bombay on May 4, 1963. In addition to the basic hydrographic and biological programs continued from previous cruises, a special program of longline fishing was conducted in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. This was the second of two cruises designed to study the distribution and abundance of pelagic fishes in the western Indian Ocean. Cruise 2, on which the first of the two special longlining programs was carried out, extended from May to July 1963, during the period of the southwest monsoon. Cruise 5, on the other hand, took place during the period of the northeast monsoon. In this report are presented the Cruise 5 station lists, bathythermograph positions, and reduced oceanographic, chemical, and biological data. A summary of the longline catch by stations is included, but more details (morphometric data, stomach contents, etc.) on individual specimens are on file at the Biological Laboratory; Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Honolulu, Hawaii. A narrative report of Cruise 5, including brief descriptions of the special researches of participating scientists, was issued as News Bulletin No.7 of the U. S. Program in Biology, IIOE, dated October,1964
  • Working Paper
    U.S. program in biology, International Indian Ocean Expedition final cruise report, Anton Bruun cruise 1
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1964-07) International Indian Ocean Expedition
    The following report, in two volumes, presents the reduced oceanographic, chemical,and biological data, bathythermograph positions, and station lists for biological collections taken during Cruise 1 of the ANTON BRUUN in the Bay of Bengal during March-May, 1963, as a part of the International Indian Ocean Expedition. The cruise track is shown in Figure 1. Tables 1-3 respectively give the cruise itinerary with port calls, a summary of the types of scientific activities carried out during the cruise, and a list of the techniques employed with references. A narrative report of Cruise 1 including the list of participants, related shore activities, and preliminary scientific results was issued as News Bulletin No. 2 of the U.S. Program in Biology, IIOE, dated July, 1963.
  • Working Paper
    Final cruise report, Anton Bruun cruises 7, 8, 9
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1965-10) International Indian Ocean Expedition
    Presented in this report are the reduced oceanographic, chemical, and biological data, station lists of plankton and benthic collections, and bathythermograph positions for Cruises 7 and 8 of the R/V ANTON BRUUN; and the station lists of reef and inshore, plankton, benthic, and miscellaneous biological collections, and bathythermograph positions for Cruise 9. Narrative reports of Cruises 7 and 8 were issued as News Bulletins No. 9 (Jan. 1965) and No. 10 (Feb. 1965), respectively, by the U. S. Program in Biology, IIOE. Cruises 7 and 8 were devoted primarily to benthic biology. On Cruise 7, which concentrated on the area east of South Africa and south of Madagascar (Fig.1), collections of the bottom fauna were made with a variety of gear including Campbell and Van Veen grabs, Phleger and trigger corers, Menzies and Agassiz trawls, rock dredges, and Dietz-Lafond snappers. On Cruise 8 collections were made in the Mozambique Channel and adjacent continental shelves (Fig. 2) mainly with a 40 ft. Gulf of Mexico type shrimp trawl, Menzies trawl, and Ockelman dredge. Cruise 9 emphasized reef and shore collecting in some of the more remote island areas in the southwestern Indian Ocean (Fig. 3). Specimens were obtained by SCUBA and free diving, rotenone poisoning, and collecting in the exposed intertidal zones of the reef and shore areas of Mombasa, Kenya (Fig. 4); Latham Island south of Zanzibar; Grand Comore and Mayotta Islands (Figs. 5 and 6); Aldabra and Farquhar Islands (Figs. 7 and 8); St. Joseph's and D'Arros Islands in the Amirante Isles (Fig. 9); and Mahe and Cerf Islands in the Seychelles (Fig.10) . Although general collections were made at all these areas, certain groups received special attention because of specific interests among the scientific party. These included macroscopic algae, seagrasses, mollusks, commensal and parasitic copepods, parasitic helminths, nemerteans, ostracods, lancelets, pontoniid shrimps, fishes and Ascothoracida, a parasitic group of barnacles found in the certain cavities of zoantharians and echinoderms. At most of the island stations, longline gear and a 200 ft. shark gill net were fished. Bottom trawling with a Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl was impractical because of the many pinnacles and dome-shaped formations around the various islands. Towards the end of Cruise 9, a series of trawl hauls was made on the narrow continental shelf along the Somali coast. Most of the Cruise 9 scientific party left the ship at Aden on December 20. The remaining members made a series of plankton collections in the Red Sea, and disembarked at Rurghada, U.A.R. to make shore collections
  • Working Paper
    Final cruise report, Anton Bruun cruise 2 : oceanographic data, bathythermograph positions, station lists for biological collections
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1964-07) International Indian Ocean Expedition
    Cruise 2 of the R/V ANTON BRUUN took place in the western Indian Ocean from May 22 to July 23, 1964, The following report presents the station lists for plankton collections, bathythermograph positions, and reduced oceanographic, chemical, and biological data for Cruise 2. The cruise track is shown in Figure 1, and the itinerary with ports of call is given in Table 1. A summary of the types of scientific activities carried out during the cruise, and a list of the techniques employed are given in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. In addition to the basic hydrographic and biological programs and the researches of individual scientists, a special program of long-line fishing was carried out in a cooperative effort with the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Details regarding the composition of the long-line catches and associated data are on file at the Biological Laboratory; Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, Hawaii. A narrative report of Cruise 2, including a list of participants and brief descriptions of their research interests and preliminary results, was issued as New Bulletin No. 3 of the U. S. Program in Biology, IIOE, dated January, 1964,
  • Working Paper
    Final cruise report, Anton Bruun cruise 3 : oceanographic data, bathythermograph positions, station lists for biological collections
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1965-01) International Indian Ocean Expedition
    Cruise 3 of the R/V ANTON BRUUN, originating from Bombay on August 8 and terminating at Port Louis, Mauritius on September 20, 1963, was the first of two cruises on which a special effort was made to sample the meso- and bathypelagic fauna of the western Indian Ocean. Collections were made with a 10-ft Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl at 17 stations from 11°56'N latitude to 40°54'S latitude, along the 60°E meridian. In addition to the midwater trawl collections, the basic program of hydrography, biological oceanography, and primary production was continued. Presented in this report are the reduced oceanographic, chemical, and biological data, station lists of plankton, midwater trawl, and miscellaneous biological collections, and bathythermograph positions for Cruise 3. A narrative report of Cruise 3 was issued as News Bulletin No.4 of the U. S. Program in Biology, IIOE, dated February, 1964.