Wooding Christine M.

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Wooding

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Christine M.

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A Mediterranean undercurrent seeding experiment (AMUSE) : part II: RAFOS float data report, May 1993-March 1995

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1998-06) Hunt, Heather D. ; Wooding, Christine M. ; Chandler, Cynthia L. ; Bower, Amy S.

This is the final data report of all acoustically tracked RAFOS data collected in 1993-1995 during A Mediterranean Undercurrent Seeding Experiment (AMUSE). The overall objective of the program was to observe directly the spreading pathways by which Mediterranean Water enters the North Atlantic. This includes the direct observation of Mediterranean eddies (meddies), which is one mechanism that transports Mediterranean Water to the North Atlantic. The experiment was comprised of a repeated high-resolution expendable bathythermograph (XBT) section and RAFOS float deployments across the Mediterranean Undercurrent south of Portugal near 8.5°W. A total of 49 floats were deployed at a rate of about two floats per week on 23 cruises on the chartered Portuguese-based vessel, Kialoa II, and one cruise on the R/V Endeavor. The floats were ballasted for 1100 or 1200 decibars (db) to seed the lower salinity core of the Mediterranean Undercurrent. The objectives of the Lagrangian float study were (1) to identify where meddies form, (2) to make the first direct estimate of meddy formation frequency, (3) to estimate the fraction of time meddies are being formed, and (4) to determine the pathways by which Mediterranean Water which is not trapped in meddies enters the North Atlantic.
North Brazil Current Rings Experiment : RAFOS float data report : November 1998 – June 2000

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2002-07) Wooding, Christine M. ; Richardson, Philip L. ; Pacheco, Marguerite A. ; Glickson, Deborah A. ; Fratantoni, David M.

Twenty-one RAFOS floats were tracked at depths of 200-1000 meters in and around several North Brazil Current Rings between November 1998 and June 2000. This was part of an experiment to study the role of these current rings in transporting upper level South Atlantic water across the equatorial-tropical gyre boundary into the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. The float trajectories in combination with surface drifters and satellite imagery reveal the sometimes complex life histories of several rings and their fate as they collide with the Lesser Antilles Islands. This report describes the float trajectories, the velocity, temperature, and depth time series, and a preliminary analysis of the float data.
RAFOS float processing at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2005-01) Wooding, Christine M. ; Furey, Heather H. ; Pacheco, Marguerite A.

This report and its accompanying webpage (http://www.whoi.edu/science/PO/rafos/index.htm) describe the processing steps for RAFOS floats, from subscribing to Service Argos to plotting the final data for a data report. The MATLAB-based tracking software ARTOA-II is described in detail. ARTOA-II allows the user to convert raw hexidecimal data to decimal format, calculate float clock drifts, edit raw data, and use the time-of-arrival data to calculate float trajectories. The intention is that this report will provide a handy reference and it will be kept from becoming out-of-date by updates to the relevant webpages.
Gulf Stream recirculation experiment - Part II

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1989-09) Wooding, Christine M. ; Owens, W. Brechner ; Zemanovic, Marguerite E. ; Valdes, James R.

This report presents trajectories and time series of velocity, pressure, and temperature for twelve neutrally-buoyant floats launched during the Gulf Stream Recirculation EXperiment (GUSREX) and two from earlier experiments, that continued to operate after May 1982. These float data were obtained from Autonomous Listening Stations (ALSs) deployed from May 1982 to August 1985.
Surface drifter measurements in the Atlantic North Equatorial countercurrent 1983-1985

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1985-09) Richardson, Philip L. ; Wooding, Christine M.

Thirty freely drifting drogued surface buoys were tracked by satellite in the vicinity of the Atlantic North Equatorial Countercurrent from February 1983 to February 1985 as part of the SEQUAL (Seasonal Equatorial Atlantic) Experiment. Buoys were launched at several different times of the year in order to sample the Countercurrent in different seasons. The purpose was to measure the seasonal variation of the Countercurrent in relation to wind forcing. The basic data set consists of buoy trajectories, and sea surface temperature, velocity, and wind speed along the trajectories. A comparison is made between the data from the buoys and from a current meter mooring near 6N, 28W. The main results presented here consist of the collection of figures which show trajectories and time series data along the Countercurrent, and in the North and South Equatorial Currents, Guinea Current and North Brazil Current.
Surface drifter measurements in the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean Circulation Study (WEPOCS III) June 1988-December 1989

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1990-06-13) Wooding, Christine M. ; Richardson, Philip L. ; Collins, Curtis A.

Forty freely drifting drogued buoys were tracked by satellite in the western tropical Pacific from June 1988 to January 1, 1990, as part of WEPOCS III. The data consist of buoy trajectories and sea surface temperature and velocity along trajectories. The main results presented here are the collection of figures which show trajectories and time series data in the South Equatorial Current, the North Equatorial Countercurrent, the Mindanao Current, and the North Equartorial Current. One striking result is that we obtained the first quasi-synoptic map of surface velocity in this region that shows the major currents and their interconnections.
SOFAR float trajectories from an experiment to measure the Atlantic cross equatorial flow (1989-1990)

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1992-08) Richardson, Philip L. ; Zemanovic, Marguerite E. ; Wooding, Christine M. ; Schmitz, William J. ; Price, James F.

Neutrally buoyant SOFAR floats at nominal depths of 800, 1800, and 3300 m were tracked for 21 months in the vicinity of western boundary currents near 6N and at several sites in the Atlantic near 11N and along the equator. Trajectories at 1800 m show a swift (>50 cm/sec), narrow (100 km wide) southward-flowing Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) extending from 7N to the equator. At times (February-March 1989) DWBC water turned eastward and flowed along the equator and at other times (August-September 1990) the DWBC crossed the equator and continued southward. The mean velocity near the equator was eastward from February 1989 to February 1990 and westward from March 1990 to November 1990. Thus the cross-equatorial flow in the DWBC appeared to be linked to the direction of equatorial currents which varied over periods of more than a year. No obvious DWBC nor swift equatorial current was observed by 3300 m floats. Eight-hundred-meter floats revealed a northwestward intermediate level western boundary current although flow patterns were complicated. Three floats that significantly contributed to the northwestward flow looped in anticyclonic eddies that translated up the coast at 8 cm/sec. Six 800 m floats drifted eastward along the equator between 5S and 6N at a mean velocity of 11 cm/sec; one reached 5W in the Gulf of Guinea, suggesting that the equatorial current extended at least 35-40° along the equator. Three of these floats reversed direction near the end of the tracking period, implying low frequency fluctuations.
RAFOS float trajectories in Meddies during the Semaphore Experiment, 1993-1995

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1999-04) Richardson, Philip L. ; Wooding, Christine M.

As part of the Semaphore Experiment four Meddies (Mediterranean Water Eddies) were discovered in the Canary Basin and tracked with freely drifting RAFOS floats. An additional Meddy was discovered off Lisbon by Pingree (1995) and also tracked with RAFOS floats. One large and energetic Meddy, discovered 1700 km west of Cape St. Vincent, Portugal, set a distance and speed record as it translated another 1700 km southwestward at 3.9 cm/sec during the 1.5 years. This Meddy traveled 57% of the distance from Cape St. Vincent toward the spot McDowell and Rossby (1978) found a possible Meddy north of the Dominican Republic. Four Meddies collided with tall seamounts which seemed to disrupt the normal swirl velocity perhaps fatally in three cases. One Meddy appeared to bifurcate when it collided with seamounts. This report describes the float trajectories in the Meddies and summarizes the main results.
Current measurements from the northern Nordic Seas, 1983-1986

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1987-02) Honjo, Susumu ; Wooding, Christine M. ; Wefer, Gerold

Records from ten Aanderaa current meters deployed along with 5 current meter/sediment trap mooring arrays in the Fram Strait and Greenland Basin, each deployed for approximately one year between 1983 and 1986, are presented in this data file. Data included are current vectors, temperatures, frequency spectra, and two- and three-dimensional vector diagrams.
KAPEX RAFOS float data report 1997-1999 part B : float trajectories at 750 m in the Benguela Current

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2003-06) Richardson, Philip L. ; Pacheco, M. A. ; Wooding, Christine M.

Thirty-two RAFOS floats were launched at the depth of intermediate water, near 750 m, in the Benguela Current along 30S and its extension along 7W. The floats were tracked acoustically for two years during 1997–1999. Seven floats looped in three Agulhas Current rings, which drifted west northwestward at a mean velocity of around 5 cm/sec. Floats not in Agulhas rings tended to drift westward at around 2 cm/sec in the latitude band 22S–35S. North of 22S three floats drifted eastward. This report describes the float trajectories and summarizes the main results. These are the first subsurface long-term Lagrangian data in the Benguela Current.
North Brazil Current Rings Experiment : surface drifter data report, November 1998-June 2000

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2000-07) Glickson, Deborah A. ; Fratantoni, David M. ; Wooding, Christine M. ; Richardson, Philip L.

This data report summarzes 45 surface drifter trajectories collected between November 1998 and June 2000 as part of the North Brazil Current (NBC) Rings Experiment. NBC rings have been proposed as one of several important mechanisms for the transport of South Atlantic upper-ocean water across the equatorial-tropical gyre boundary and into the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Such transport is required to complete the meridional overturning cell in the Atlantic forced by the high-latitude production and southward export of North Atlantic Deep Water. The goal of this program is to obtain, for the first time, comprehensive observations of the NBC retroflection, the NBC ring formation process, and the physical structure and properties of NBC rings as they translate northwestward along the low-latitude western boundary. A total of 45 drifters were deployed. Twenty-four of these looped anticyclonically within the five rings identified during this experiment. Seven of the looping ring drifters entered the Caribbean, while the rest moved northward along the eastern flank of the Lesser Antiles.
Shearmeter floats in the area of the WHOI Brazil Basin Tracer Release Experiment : technical and oceanographic data

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2002-01) Duda, Timothy F. ; Guest, Brian J. ; Wooding, Christine M. ; Jones, Clayton M. ; Lelievre, Scott ; Webb, Douglas C.

Six drifting floats designed to measure shear were deployed in the vicinity of the Brazil Basin Tracer Release Experiment. The one-year long time series of oceanographic conditions obtained by the floats are for direct comparison with long-term tracer dispersion. The purpose of the tracer dispersion experiment was to study mixing of Antarctic Bottom Water at approximately 4000 m depth with less dense water above. Two of the floats returned shear records, one from about 1660 m depth and one from about 2800 m depth. Mean shear at 1660 m was 2.2 x 10 -3 s-1 with N = 1.1 cph, about 1.9 times the Garrett-Munk model amount. Mean shear at 2800 m was 1.1 x 10-3 with N = 0.5 cph, about 2.2 times Garrett-Munk. There was no apparent depth structure to the shear recorded by the near-bottom float moving over the mountainous seafloor. The two shear time series and the local tidal velocities were not strongly correlated, but the tide and shear series did have some similarities. Some variability in the 1660-m shear may be due to atmospheric forcing. Three floats deeper than 2800 m returned one-year long trajectories. Two trajectories were persistently eastward.
SOFAR float trajectories in the tropical Atlantic 1989-1992

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1994-09) Richardson, Philip L. ; Zemanovic, Marguerite E. ; Wooding, Christine M. ; Schmitz, William J.

Neutrally buoyant SOFAR floats at nominal depths of 800 m, 1800 m, and 3300 m were tracked acoustically for 3.7 years in the vicinity of the western boundary and the equator of the Atlantic Ocean. Trajectories and summaries from the whole experiment are shown along with detailed trajectories from the second setting of the listening stations, October 1990 to September 1992. Some highlights are mentioned below. Trajectories at 1800 m revealed a swift narrow southward flowing deep western boundary current (DWBC) extending from 7°N across the equator. Two floats directly crossed the equator in the DWBC and went to 10°S. Two other floats left the DWBC near the equator and drifted eastward. Three floats entered the DWBC from the equatorial current system and drifted southward. No obvious DWBC or swift equatorial currents were observed by the 3300 m floats. The 800 m floats plus some surface drifters measured seven anticyclonic eddies as they translated northwestward along the coast of South America in a band from the equator to 12°N. One of the floats (28) entered the Caribbean where tracking stopped. This float was again tracked as it drifted across the mid-Atlantic Ridge and entered the Canary Basin near 34°N 28°W after a gap of 2.7 years. We infer that this float went westward though the Caribbean and northeastward in the Gulf Stream. Float 17 drifted northward from 10°N to 22°N in an eastern boundary current off the coast of West Africa. Floats between 6°N-6°S (roughly) drifted long distances zonally in the equatorial current system.

Wooding Christine M.

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