Chen Junkun

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Chen
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Junkun
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  • Article
    Observational and modeling studies of oceanic responses and feedbacks to typhoons Hato and Mangkhut over the northern shelf of the South China Sea
    (Elsevier, 2021-01-01) Dong, Wenjing ; Feng, Yanqing ; Chen, Changsheng ; Wu, Zhongxiang ; Xu, Danya ; Li, Siqi ; Xu, Qichun ; Wang, Lu ; Beardsley, Robert C. ; Lin, Huichan ; Li, Ruixiang ; Chen, Junkun ; Li, Jiahui
    Meteorological and oceanic responses to Typhoons Hato and Mangkhut were captured by storm-monitoring network buoys over the northern shelf of the South China Sea. With similar shelf-traversing trajectories, these two typhoons exhibited distinctly different features in storm-induced oceanic mixing and oceanic heat transfer through the air-sea interface. A well-defined cold wake was detected underneath the storm due to a rapid drop in sea surface temperature during the Hato crossing, but not during the Mangkhut crossing. Impacts of oceanic mixing on forming a storm-produced cold wake were associated with the pre-storm condition of water stratification. In addition to oceanic mixing produced through the diffusion process by shear and buoyancy turbulence productions, the short-time scale of mixing suggested convection/overturning may play a critical role in the rapid cooling at the sea surface. The importance of convection/overturning to mixing depended on the duration of atmospheric cooling above the sea surface-the longer the atmospheric cooling, the more significant effect on mixing. Including the oceanic mixed layer (OML) in the WRF model was capable of reproducing the observed storm-induced variations of wind and air pressure, but not the air and sea surface temperatures. Process-oriented numerical experiments with the OML models supported both observational and modeling findings. To simulate the storm-induced mixing in a coupled atmospheric and oceanic model, we need to improve the physics of vertical mixing with non-hydrostatic convection/overturning. Warming over the shelf is projected to have a more energetic influence on future typhoon intensities and trajectories.