Balmforth Neil J.

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2004 program of study : tides

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2005-07) Balmforth, Neil J. ; Llewellyn Smith, Stefan ; Hendershott, Myrl ; Garrett, Christopher

The summer of 2004 saw the GFD program tackle “Tides”. Myrl Hendershott (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) gave a fabulous introduction to the subject in the first week of the course, laying the foundations from astronomy and classical geophysical fluid dynamics. In the second week, Chris Garrett (University of Victoria) admirably followed up with recent developments on the subject, including the recent observations from satellite altimetry, their implications to mixing and circulation, and even a memorable lecture on the noble theme of how we might solve the world's energy crisis. The principal lectures proved unusually popular this summer, and the seminar room at Walsh often overflowed in the first two weeks. Following on from the lectures, the seminar schedule of the summer covered in greater detail the oceanographic issues with which researchers are actively grappling. We also heard about related problems regarding atmospheric, planetary and stellar tides, together with the usual mix of topics on GFD in general. The summer once again featured a lecture for the general public in the Woods Hole area. Carl Wunsch delivered a very well received lecture entitled “Climate Change Stories”, in which he gave an impression of how scientists generally believe our climate is currently changing, whilst simultaneously urging caution against some of the more outrageous and exaggerated claims. The lecture was held at Lilly Auditorium, thanks to the hospitality of the Marine Biology Laboratory. The reception following the lecture was enjoyed by all. Neil Balmforth and Stefan Llewellyn Smith acted as Co-Directors for the summer. Janet Fields, Jeanne Fleming and Penny Foster provided the administrative backbone to the Program, both during the summer and throughout the year beforehand. As always, we were grateful to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for the use of Walsh Cottage, and Keith Bradley's solid service could not be overlooked. Shilpa Ghadge and Shreyas Mandre are to be thanked for their part in comforting the fellows, developing the summer's proceedings volume (available on the GFD web site) and for running the computer network.
2010 program of study : swirling and swimming in turbulence

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2011-06) Balmforth, Neil J. ; Thiffeault, Jean-Luc

Swirling and Swimming in Turbulence was the theme at the 2010 GFD Program. Professors Glenn Flierl (M.I.T.), Antonello Provenzale (ISAC-CNR, Turin) and Jean-Luc Thiffeault (University of Wisconsin) were the principal lecturers. Together they navigated an elegant path through topics ranging from mixing protocols and efficiencies to ecological strategies, schooling and genetic development. The first ten chapters of this volume document these lectures, each prepared by pairs of this summer’s GFD fellows. Following on are the written reports of the fellows’ own research projects.
Conceptual models of the climate : 2001 program of studies in geophysical fluid dynamics

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2003) Balmforth, Neil J. ; Tziperman, Eli ; Cessi, Paola ; Pierrehumbert, Raymond T.

In 2001, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Summer Study Program grappled with Conceptual Models of the Climate. Eli Tziperman (Weizman Institute), Paola Cessi (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) and Ray Pierre- Humbert (University of Chicago) provided the principal lectures. This introduction gave us all a glimpse into the complex problem of the climate, both in the present, past and future, and even on other planets. As always, the next weeks of the program were filled with many seminars from the visitors, and culminated in the fellow's reports.
Conceptual models of the climate : 2003 program of study, Non-Newtonian geophysical fluid dynamics

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2004-02) Balmforth, Neil J. ; Hinch, John

Non-Newtonian fluids occur commonly in our world. These fluids, such as toothpaste, saliva, oils, mud and lava, exhibit a number of behaviors that are different from Newtonian fluids and have a number of additional material properties. In general, these differences arise because the fluid has a microstructure that influences the flow. In section 2 we will present a collection of some of the interesting phenomena arising from flow nonlinearities, the inhibition of stretching, elastic effects and normal stresses. In section 3 we will discuss a variety of devices for measuring material properties, a process known as rheometry.
2016 program of study : Fluid-structure interaction in the living environment

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2019-08) Balmforth, Neil J. ; Caulfield, Colm-cille

The 2016 GFD Program theme was fluid-Structure Interaction in the Living Environment with Professors Mike Shelley of New York University and Anette ‘Peko’ Hosol of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology serving as principal lecturers. Together they introduced the audience in the cottage and on the porch to a fascinating mixture of topics ranging from swimming and swarming to cycling and sprinting, with Professor Jun Zhang of New York University interjecting some more traditional GFD (and art) part way through. The first ten chapters of this volume document these lectures, each prepared by pairs of the summer’s GFD fellow. Following the principal lecture notes are the written reports of the follows’ own research projects.
2006 program of studies : ice

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2007-03) Balmforth, Neil J. ; Wettlaufer, John

Study Program. Professor Grae Worster (University of Cambridge) was the principal lecturer, and navigated our path through the fluid dynamics of icy processes in GFD. Towards the end of Grae’s lectures, we also held the 2006 GFD Public Lecture. This was given by Greg Dash of the University of Washington, on matters of ice physics and a well¬known popularization: “Nine Ices, Cloud Seeding and a Brother’s Farewell; how Kurt Vonnegut learned the science for Cat’s Cradle (but conveniently left some out).” We again held the talk at Redfield Auditorium, and relaxed in the evening sunshine at the reception afterwards. As usual, the principal lectures were followed by a variety of seminars on topics icy and otherwise. We had focused sessions on sea ice, the impact of ice on climate, and glaciology. This year was a good summer for softball, with the Fellows enjoying some notable successes on the field (against both the other WHOI teams and the staff team at the summer’s close). Some important acknowledgements: Young-Jin Kim helped out with the computers during the first few weeks, and Keith Bradley worked his usual magic in the Lab throughout the summer. The program continues to be indebted to W.H.O.I. Academic Programs, who once more provided a perfect atmosphere. Most unlike the '65 Dodge, Jeanne Fleming, Penny Foster and Janet Fields all contributed importantly to the smooth running of the program.
Visco-plastic models of isothermal lava domes

(Cambridge University Press, 2000-09-08) Balmforth, Neil J. ; Burbidge, A. S. ; Craster, R. V. ; Salzig, J. ; Shen, A.

The dynamics of expanding domes of isothermal lava are studied by treating the lava as a viscoplastic material with the Herschel–Bulkley constitutive law. Thin-layer theory is developed for radially symmetric extrusions onto horizontal plates. This provides an evolution equation for the thickness of the fluid that can be used to model expanding isothermal lava domes. Numerical and analytical solutions are derived that explore the effects of yield stress, shear thinning and basal sliding on the dome evolution. The results are briefly compared with an experimental study. It is found that it is difficult to unravel the combined effects of shear thinning and yield stress; this may prove important to studies that attempt to infer yield stress from morphology of flowing lava.
2008 program of studies : perspectives and challenges in GFD

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2009-03) Balmforth, Neil J. ; Veronis, George

The GFD Program in 2008 ran with a special theme, in view of the 50th anniversary of the beginning of the program. The first two weeks of Principal Lectures dealt with "Perspectives and Challenges" of the subject, and we commemorated by having ten different lecturers with a diversity of viewpoints and opinions. Though the lectures thereby took less of a pedagogical flavour, each afternoon we saw the fellows grill the lecturers in informal afternoon tutorials. Also by way of celebration, the Oceanographic Institution threw a 50th anniversary party in honour of the Program and the "Founding Fathers." This was held on one of the lawns in front of Walsh Cottage on Friday, June 27th. We saw a variety of familiar faces, some from the very first years of the Program, others from more recent summers. George Veronis and Jack Whitehead read short pieces about the past fifty years, including the unveiling of the "2008 AGU Award for Excellence in Geophysical Education" awarded to the Program by the American Geophysical Union. The party was skillfully organized by Janet Fields and uniformly enjoyed by all. In 2008 the Sears Public Lecture was delivered by Andy Ingersoll (CalTech) and entitled "Weather and Climates of Other Worlds: Lessons for Earth." Andy, a participant of the program for many years, described the insights that could be drawn regarding our own climate from observing those of the other planets in the solar system, observations made particularly clear and compelling by recent space missions. Over a hundred people gathered at Redfield for the lecture, many of whom paused afterwards to enjoy conversation and refreshments at the reception that followed. Other novelties at the 2008 program included Bill Dewar's delivery of a seminar at Walsh in full Scottish regalia, kilt and all. Last, and of course most importantly, we had an industrious group of fellows who rose to the challenge of the Program and contributed tremendously to the anniversary. As always, the WHOI Academic Programs Office and the Physical Oceanography Department provided the administrative backbone to the summer, and Walsh Cottage was perfectly unchanged in its intimacy and rustic atmosphere. Jeanne Fleming, Penny Foster and Janet Fields contributed importantly to the smooth running of the program.
Stirring and mixing : 1999 Program of Summer Study in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2000-07) Balmforth, Neil J. ; Young, William R. ; Fields, Janet ; Thiffeault, Jean-Luc ; Pasquero, Claudia

The central theme of the 1999 GFD Program was the stirring, transport, reaction and mixing of passive and active tracers in turbulent, stratified, rotating fluids. The problem of mixing in fluids has applications in areas ranging from oceanography to engineering and astrophysics. In geophysical settings, mixing spans and unites a broad range of scales -- from micrometers to megameters. The mixing of passive tracers is of fundamental importance in environmental and industrial problems, such as pollution, and in determining the large-scale heat and salt balance of the worlds oceans. The transport of active tracers, on the other hand, such as vorticity, plays a key role in the turbulence that occurs in most geophysical and astrophysical fluids. William R. Young (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) gave a series of principal lectures, the notes of which as taken by the fellows, appear in this volume. Report of the projects of the student fellows makes up the second half of this volume.
Astrophysical and geophysical flows as dynamical systems : 1998 summer study program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1999-01) Balmforth, Neil J.

The theme of the 1998 Geophyscial Fluid Dynamics (GFD) summer program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution was Astrophysical and Geophysical Flows as Dynamical Systems. Antonello Provenzale of the Institute of Cosmogeophysics in Italy was the principal lecturer for the summer, and Charles Tresser of IBM gave a series of seminars on introductory dynamical systems theory. In addition to the usual intense schedule of seminars on a variety of unfocussed topics falling into the general theme of the summer, the program included three "theme weeks." The first was focused on climate dynamics, the second on bifurcation and pattern theory, and the third was the special "Mixing Week." Ten GFD Fellows, at various stages of their graduate work, undertook supervised research projects. This volume contains notes from the principal lectures and the Fellows' Reports.
2018 program of studies: sustainable fluid dynamics

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2024-02-09) Balmforth, Neil J. ; Caulfield, Colm-cille

The 2018 GFD Program theme was Sustainable Fluid Dynamics with Professor Andrew Woods of the University of Cambridge serving as principal lecturer. Andy showed the audience in the cottage and on the porch how to find similarity solutions everywhere, from deep in the earth to high in the atmosphere. He expanded on his lectures with the fellows during “Andy time”, and stayed on throughout the summer to participate in the traditional debates on the porch with participants old and new. Andy also contributed enthusiastically to the supervision of the fellows, particularly when there was an opportunity to squirt food dye into an experiment.

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