Capuzzo Judith M.

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Capuzzo
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Judith M.
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  • Technical Report
    The effects of diet on the growth energetics of postlarval lobsters (Homarus americanus)
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1979-06) Capuzzo, Judith M. ; Lancaster, Bruce A.
    The growth energetics of postlarval lobsters (Homarus americanus) fed a brine shrimp diet (Artemia salina; 51% protein, protein:carbohydrate = 5.1) were compared with the energetics of lobsters fed three artificial diets. The artificial diets were pelletized shrimp meal diets, varying in both protein (16.65-23.30%) and carbohydrate content (22.85-31.27%) and the protein:carbohydrate ratio (0.5-1.0). The best growth was measured among lobsters fed the brine shrimp diet and the 23.30% protein diet, followed by the two lower protein diets. The protein efficiency ratios (g wet wt. gain/ g dry wt. protein fed) were inversely related to the protein level of each diet. All diets were assimilated at the same level (~ 9 0% ) but there were significant differences in food consumption rates, respiration rates and ammonia excretion rates among lobsters from the four experimental groups. Although all lobsters were given equal rations in grams, the artificial diets were lower in caloric content than the brine shrimp and the pellets were fragmented by the lobsters during the feeding process, resulting in significantly lower (P <0.01) food consumption rates of the artificial diets. Respiration rates measured immediately after feeding were significantly lower among lobsters fed the three artificial diets than those fed the brine shrimp diet; the increased respiration rate of the latter group of lobsters reflects an increased calorigenic effect due to the higher protein level of the brine shrimp diet. Ammonia excretion rates of lobsters from the four groups were significantly different from one another ( P <0 . 01) and were directly correlated with the protein level of each diet. The O:N ratios (atomic ratio of oxygen consumed to NH+ -N excreted) measured in the four experimental groups were inversely related to the protein level of the four diets, indicating an increased dependence on carbohydrate catabolism for energy production with low dietary protein levels. The reduced growth rates of lobsters fed the two lower protein diets were apparently a result of differences in the amounts of food consumed and not increased energy expenditures or reduced assimilation efficiencies.
  • Technical Report
    Crude oil effects to developmental stages of the American lobster
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1981-09) Capuzzo, Judith M.
    The effects of South Louisiana crude oil on larvae and juveniles of the American lobster Homarus americanus were investigated in continuous flow bioassay systems. Response parameters measured included estimates of the effects of oil exposure on survival, energetics, biochemical composition, hydrocarbon accumulation and histological aberrations. Disruptions in the energetics of larva l development were observed with exposure to oil-seawater mixtures and with ingestion of oil-contaminated Artemia nauplii; the changes in energetics were correlated with a shift in the normal patterns of lipid utilization and storage in larval lobsters. Hydrocarbon turnover appeared to be rapid and little accumulation, except of the higher molecular weight constituents, was observed. Recovery of larval and early post-larval stages was not immediate upon transfer to uncontaminated seawater but the normal pattern of energy storage and utilization was slowly restored. Post-larval lobsters were less sensitive to crude oil-seawater mixtures than the larval stages and no disruption in energetics was observed. Reductions in respiratory activity and bioaccumulation of both aliphatic and aromatic compounds, however, were observed in post-larval lobsters exposed to oil-contaminated sediments. Post-larval lobsters appeared to have longer retention times and slower turnover rates of petroleum hydrocarbons than the larval stages and persistence of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments might present a chronic contamination problem to benthic stages of the American lobster .
  • Technical Report