McConnochie Craig D.

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Last Name
McConnochie
First Name
Craig D.
ORCID
0000-0001-7105-192X

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  • Article
    Surface expression of a wall fountain: application to subglacial discharge plumes
    (American Meteorological Society, 2020-04-27) McConnochie, Craig D. ; Cenedese, Claudia ; McElwaine, Jim N.
    We use laboratory experiments and theoretical modeling to investigate the surface expression of a subglacial discharge plume, as occurs at many fjords around Greenland. The experiments consider a fountain that is released vertically into a homogeneous fluid, adjacent either to a vertical or a sloping wall, that then spreads horizontally at the free surface before sinking back to the bottom. We present a model that separates the fountain into two separate regions: a vertical fountain and a horizontal, negatively buoyant jet. The model is compared to laboratory experiments that are conducted over a range of volume fluxes, density differences, and ambient fluid depths. It is shown that the nondimensionalized length, width, and aspect ratio of the surface expression are dependent on the Froude number, calculated at the start of the negatively buoyant jet. The model is applied to observations of the surface expression from a Greenland subglacial discharge plume. In the case where the discharge plume reaches the surface with negative buoyancy the model can be used to estimate the discharge properties at the base of the glacier.
  • Article
    Increased melting of marine-terminating glaciers by sediment-laden plumes
    (American Geophysical Union, 2023-10-19) McConnochie, Craig D. ; Cenedese, Claudia
    This paper summarizes the results of the first investigation into the effect of particle-laden plumes on glacier melting using laboratory experiments. We find that the melt rate, when the ice is exposed to a particle-laden plume, can be larger than when exposed to an equivalent plume without particles. The increased melt rate is linked to an increase in the plume velocity in response to the presence of suspended particles. Including this increased velocity in a plume model improves melt rate predictions from the “three-equation model” by approximately 45% for the range of particle concentrations used in this study.