Ewing W. Maurice

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Ewing
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W. Maurice
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  • Technical Report
    Structure of the western Somali Basin
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1967-07) Bunce, Elizabeth T. ; Langseth, Marcus G. ; Chase, R. L. ; Ewing, W. Maurice
    The western Somali Basin in the northwestern Indian Ocean is covered by thick deposits of terrigenous sediments. Seismic reflection profiles show, however, the northern and southern parts to be very different. The northern sections is a deep basin filled with thick uniformly stratified sediments. It is enclosed by the continental margin to the west and north, Chain ridge to the east, and shallow basement structure to the south. A change in depth of basement occurs along an approximately east-west line at latitude 3°30'N very near the southern end of Chain ridge. In the southern portion of the basin the basement is shallow, and, immediately south of latitude 3°30'N, it has high relief. Stratified flat-lying sediments fill the basement depressions, and isolated hills formed of basement material rise above the abyssal plain deposits. Farther to the south the abyssal plain becomes very narrow. Gabbro dredged from the southeast slope of Chain ridge has been dated by the potassium-argon method as 89.6 ± 4.5 m.y., which should be considered a minimum age. The evidence suggests that the entire sediment sequence of the northern basin was deposited subsequent to the formation of the ridge. The thin sediment cover of the southern portion of the basin is probably no older than Tertiary.
  • Technical Report
    Long range sound transmission : interim report no. 1, March 1, 1944 - January 20, 1945
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1945-08-25) Ewing, W. Maurice ; Worzel, J. Lamar
    Experiments are described to demonstrate a new method of sonic signalling at extremely long ranges in the oceans, utilizing the natural sound channel. Signals were made by causing a four pound charge of TNT to explode at about 4000 feet depth. These signals have the following qualities: (a) Extremely long range transmission (probably 10,000 miles). (b) Signal is positively identifiable. (c) Abrupt termination of the signal allows the arrival time to be read with an accuracy better than l/20th second. This permits location of source to better than a mile, if the signal is received at three suitably located stations. (d) The signal duration is related in such a way to the distance that the distance may be estimated to 30 miles in 1000 from reception at a single station. The limitations are: (a) It is required that the great circle path which the sound follows between source and receiver lie entirely in deep water (probably at least 1000 fathoms). (b) Sound travels in water at a speed of roughly 1 mile per second so that the interval between the origin of the signal and its reception becomes sufficiently great to be a handicap for some uses, particularly with aircraft. The signals were received to distances up to 900 miles. Two receiving arrangements have been used, a hydrophone hung 4000 feet over the side of a ship which was hove to, and a shore connected. hydrophone which lay on bottom 4000 feet deep. Extrapolation of the results indicate a range of at least 10,000 miles from this size charge. Recommendation is made to utilize a network of monitoring stations to locate planes, ships, and life rafts in distress on the open oceans. Three or more stations receiving a signal could locate the source better than one mile.
  • Technical Report
    Sound transmission in sea water: a preliminary report
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1941-02-01) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    During the last 20 years or more commercial and naval ships have made increasing use of a variety of instruments in which the transmission of sound in sea water plays an important part. Throughout this development the engineers and physicists have devoted most of their attention to the instruments, both sending and receiving units, for from the beginning it seemed likely that through improvements in design and construction very great gains would result in the usefulness of such equipment. This has proved to be the case, and the instruments have now reached a high state of technical perfection, yet from the standpoint of naval tactics the great fluctuations in the effective range of some types of underwater sound equipment has been disappointing.
  • Technical Report
    Performance of bathythermograph with hand winch
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1942-05-05) Vine, Allyn Collin ; Ewing, W. Maurice
    On May l, 1942 a series of towing tests were made off New London to determine how satisfactory a small hand operated winch would be. The boat was an 83 ft. Coast Guard patrol boat with the end of the boom about 3 feet outboard and 15 feet forward of the stern. Towing tests were made at 8, 12, and 18 knots. At 18 knots two methods were tried: A. Those where the BT was dropped from the end of the boom in the usual manner. B. Those where the BT was dropped from the bow of the boat. This method gave a considerably greater depth of water for the same amount of wire out than the former method. In a longer boat where the BT can be carried 100 to 150 ft. ahead of the boom this additional depth may amount to 100 feet.