Dupont Sam

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Dupont
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Sam
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  • Article
    And on top of all that… coping with ocean acidification in the midst of many stressors
    (The Oceanography Society, 2015-06) Breitburg, Denise L. ; Salisbury, Joseph E. ; Bernhard, Joan M. ; Cai, Wei-Jun ; Dupont, Sam ; Doney, Scott C. ; Kroeker, Kristy J. ; Levin, Lisa A. ; Long, W. Christopher ; Milke, Lisa M. ; Miller, Seth H. ; Phelan, Beth ; Passow, Uta ; Seibel, Brad A. ; Todgham, Anne E. ; Tarrant, Ann M.
    Oceanic and coastal waters are acidifying due to processes dominated in the open ocean by increasing atmospheric CO2 and dominated in estuaries and some coastal waters by nutrient-fueled respiration. The patterns and severity of acidification, as well as its effects, are modified by the host of stressors related to human activities that also influence these habitats. Temperature, deoxygenation, and changes in food webs are particularly important co-stressors because they are pervasive, and both their causes and effects are often mechanistically linked to acidification. Development of a theoretical underpinning to multiple stressor research that considers physiological, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives is needed because testing all combinations of stressors and stressor intensities experimentally is impossible. Nevertheless, use of a wide variety of research approaches is a logical and promising strategy for improving understanding of acidification and its effects. Future research that focuses on spatial and temporal patterns of stressor interactions and on identifying mechanisms by which multiple stressors affect individuals, populations, and ecosystems is critical. It is also necessary to incorporate consideration of multiple stressors into management, mitigation, and adaptation to acidification and to increase public and policy recognition of the importance of addressing acidification in the context of the suite of other stressors with which it potentially interacts.
  • Article
    Acidification reduced growth rate but not swimming speed of larval sea urchins
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2015-05-15) Chan, Kit Yu Karen ; Garcia, Eliseba ; Dupont, Sam
    Swimming behaviors of planktonic larvae impact dispersal and population dynamics of many benthic marine invertebrates. This key ecological function is modulated by larval development dynamics, biomechanics of the resulting morphology, and behavioral choices. Studies on ocean acidification effects on larval stages have yet to address this important interaction between development and swimming under environmentally-relevant flow conditions. Our video motion analysis revealed that pH covering present and future natural variability (pH 8.0, 7.6 and 7.2) did not affect age-specific swimming of larval green urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in still water nor in shear, despite acidified individuals being significantly smaller in size (reduced growth rate). This maintenance of speed and stability in shear was accompanied by an overall change in size-corrected shape, implying changes in swimming biomechanics. Our observations highlight strong evolutionary pressure to maintain swimming in a varying environment and the plasticity in larval responses to environmental change.
  • Article
    Towards improved socio-economic assessments of ocean acidification’s impacts
    (Springer, 2012-08-21) Hilmi, Nathalie ; Allemand, Denis ; Dupont, Sam ; Safa, Alain ; Haraldsson, Gunnar ; Nunes, Paulo A. L. D. ; Moore, Chris ; Hattam, Caroline ; Reynaud, Stephanie ; Hall-Spencer, Jason M. ; Fine, Maoz ; Turley, Carol ; Jeffree, Ross ; Orr, James C. ; Munday, Philip L. ; Cooley, Sarah R.
    Ocean acidification is increasingly recognized as a component of global change that could have a wide range of impacts on marine organisms, the ecosystems they live in, and the goods and services they provide humankind. Assessment of these potential socio-economic impacts requires integrated efforts between biologists, chemists, oceanographers, economists and social scientists. But because ocean acidification is a new research area, significant knowledge gaps are preventing economists from estimating its welfare impacts. For instance, economic data on the impact of ocean acidification on significant markets such as fisheries, aquaculture and tourism are very limited (if not non-existent), and non-market valuation studies on this topic are not yet available. Our paper summarizes the current understanding of future OA impacts and sets out what further information is required for economists to assess socio-economic impacts of ocean acidification. Our aim is to provide clear directions for multidisciplinary collaborative research.