Holstein Daniel M.

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Last Name
Holstein
First Name
Daniel M.
ORCID
0000-0002-9933-833X

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  • Article
    Alphaflexivirus genomes in stony coral tissue loss disease-affected, disease-exposed, and disease-unexposed coral colonies in the U.S. Virgin Islands
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2022-02-17) Veglia, Alex J. ; Beavers, Kelsey ; Van Buren, Emily W. ; Meiling, Sonora S. ; Muller, Erinn ; Smith, Tyler B. ; Holstein, Daniel M. ; Apprill, Amy ; Brandt, Marilyn ; Mydlarz, Laura ; Correa, Adrienne M.S.
    Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is decimating Caribbean corals. Here, through the metatranscriptomic assembly and annotation of two alphaflexivirus-like strains, we provide genomic evidence of filamentous viruses in SCTLD-affected, -exposed, and -unexposed coral colonies. These data will assist in clarifying the roles of viruses in SCTLD.
  • Article
    Variable species responses to experimental stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) exposure
    (Frontiers Media, 2021-04-30) Meiling, Sonora S. ; Muller, Erinn ; Lasseigne, Danielle ; Rossin, Ashley ; Veglia, Alex J. ; MacKnight, Nicholas ; Dimos, Bradford ; Huntley, Naomi ; Correa, Adrienne M. S. ; Smith, Tyler B. ; Holstein, Daniel M. ; Mydlarz, Laura ; Apprill, Amy ; Brandt, Marilyn
    Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was initially documented in Florida in 2014 and outbreaks with similar characteristics have since appeared in disparate areas throughout the northern Caribbean, causing significant declines in coral communities. SCTLD is characterized by focal or multifocal lesions of denuded skeleton caused by rapid tissue loss and affects at least 22 reef-building species of Caribbean corals. A tissue-loss disease consistent with the case definition of SCTLD was first observed in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) in January of 2019 off the south shore of St. Thomas at Flat Cay. The objective of the present study was to characterize species susceptibility to the disease present in St. Thomas in a controlled laboratory transmission experiment. Fragments of six species of corals (Colpophyllia natans, Montastraea cavernosa, Orbicella annularis, Porites astreoides, Pseudodiploria strigosa, and Siderastrea siderea) were simultaneously incubated with (but did not physically contact) SCTLD-affected colonies of Diploria labyrinthiformis and monitored for lesion appearance over an 8 day experimental period. Paired fragments from each corresponding coral genotype were equivalently exposed to apparently healthy colonies of D. labyrinthiformis to serve as controls; none of these fragments developed lesions throughout the experiment. When tissue-loss lesions appeared and progressed in a disease treatment, the affected coral fragment, and its corresponding control genet, were removed and preserved for future analysis. Based on measures including disease prevalence and incidence, relative risk of lesion development, and lesion progression rates, O. annularis, C. natans, and S. siderea showed the greatest susceptibility to SCTLD in the USVI. These species exhibited earlier average development of lesions, higher relative risk of lesion development, greater lesion prevalence, and faster lesion progression rates compared with the other species, some of which are considered to be more susceptible based on field observations (e.g., P. strigosa). The average transmission rate in the present study was comparable to tank studies in Florida, even though disease donor species differed. Our findings suggest that the tissue loss disease affecting reefs of the USVI has a similar epizootiology to that observed in other regions, particularly Florida.
  • Article
    Experimental transmission of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease results in differential microbial responses within coral mucus and tissue
    (Springer, 2022-05-30) Huntley, Naomi ; Brandt, Marilyn ; Becker, Cynthia ; Miller, Carolyn A. ; Meiling, Sonora S. ; Correa, Adrienne M.S. ; Holstein, Daniel M. ; Muller, Erinn ; Mydlarz, Laura ; Smith, Tyler B. ; Apprill, Amy
    Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a widespread and deadly disease that affects nearly half of Caribbean coral species. To understand the microbial community response to this disease, we performed a disease transmission experiment on US Virgin Island (USVI) corals, exposing six species of coral with varying susceptibility to SCTLD. The microbial community of the surface mucus and tissue layers were examined separately using a small subunit ribosomal RNA gene-based sequencing approach, and data were analyzed to identify microbial community shifts following disease acquisition, potential causative pathogens, as well as compare microbiota composition to field-based corals from the USVI and Florida outbreaks. While all species displayed similar microbiome composition with disease acquisition, microbiome similarity patterns differed by both species and mucus or tissue microhabitat. Further, disease exposed but not lesioned corals harbored a mucus microbial community similar to those showing disease signs, suggesting that mucus may serve as an early warning detection for the onset of SCTLD. Like other SCTLD studies in Florida, Rhodobacteraceae, Arcobacteraceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Fusibacter, Marinifilaceae, and Vibrionaceae dominated diseased corals. This study demonstrates the differential response of the mucus and tissue microorganisms to SCTLD and suggests that mucus microorganisms may be diagnostic for early disease exposure.
  • Article
    Stony coral tissue loss disease induces transcriptional signatures of in situ degradation of dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae
    (Nature Research, 2023-05-22) Beavers, Kelsey M. ; Van Buren, Emily W. ; Rossin, Ashley M. ; Emery, Madison A. ; Veglia, Alex J. ; Karrick, Carly E. ; MacKnight, Nicholas J. ; Dimos, Bradford A. ; Meiling, Sonora S. ; Smith, Tyler B. ; Apprill, Amy ; Muller, Erinn M. ; Holstein, Daniel M. ; Correa, Adrienne M. S. ; Brandt, Marilyn E. ; Mydlarz, Laura D.
    Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), one of the most pervasive and virulent coral diseases on record, affects over 22 species of reef-building coral and is decimating reefs throughout the Caribbean. To understand how different coral species and their algal symbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae) respond to this disease, we examine the gene expression profiles of colonies of five species of coral from a SCTLD transmission experiment. The included species vary in their purported susceptibilities to SCTLD, and we use this to inform gene expression analyses of both the coral animal and their Symbiodiniaceae. We identify orthologous coral genes exhibiting lineage-specific differences in expression that correlate to disease susceptibility, as well as genes that are differentially expressed in all coral species in response to SCTLD infection. We find that SCTLD infection induces increased expression of rab7, an established marker of in situ degradation of dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae, in all coral species accompanied by genus-level shifts in Symbiodiniaceae photosystem and metabolism gene expression. Overall, our results indicate that SCTLD infection induces symbiophagy across coral species and that the severity of disease is influenced by Symbiodiniaceae identity.