Montgomery Raymond B.

No Thumbnail Available
Last Name
Montgomery
First Name
Raymond B.
ORCID

Filters

1935 - 1939 3 1940 - 1941 2
4 1
5
Reset filters

Settings

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Book
    On the momentum transfer at the sea surface. I. On the frictional force between air and water and on the occurrence of a laminar boundary layer next to the surface of the sea. II. Measurements of vertical gradient of wind over water. III. Transport of surface water due to the wind system over the North Atlantic
    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1936-06) Rossby, Carl-Gustaf ; Montgomery, Raymond B.
    I. It is fairly generally assumed that the horizontal circulation of the ocean "troposphere" is maintained by the large scale permanent wind system of the atmosphere. Accurate knowledge of the tangential force exerted by the wind on the surface of the water should therefore be a prerequisite for every attempt to analyze the movements of the surface water. Very few data are available from which this shearing force may be accurately determined, although several, in principle simple, methods of attack are available. Recently some estimates of the wind force have appeared in studies not primarily concerned with the oceanographic aspects of the problem. In view of the conflicting results obtained and in view of the importance of the problem to physical oceanography it seems desirable to examine the question theoretically and to study critically the empirical determinations just referred to. II. Despite the great importance, in studies of the frictional forces between atmosphere and ocean, of wind gradient measurements next to the ocean surface, to my knowledge the only observations that have been published are those of Wüst and of Shoulejkin. Both of these are so fragmentary that one would find it very difficult to draw general conclusions from them alone. Feeling that further measurements of any sort might prove useful, and lacking time and facilities for a large program, the author felt justified in making the following simple measurements during September 1935, which may be regarded as preliminary. III. The results of Section I above and of our previous paper are here applied to the specific computation of the transport of the drift current system over the North Atlantic. Only the computation is given here, but the authors of this paper expect to discuss in later articles its significance in connection with the surface salinity distribution and with the Equatorial Current.
  • Book
    Circulation in upper layers of southern North Atlantic deduced with use of isentropic analysis
    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1938-08) Montgomery, Raymond B.
    Except for the presence in most localities of a shallow homogeneous surface layer and of a relatively homogeneous and deeper bottom layer, the oceans of the temperate and tropical regions are stratified and vertically stable at all depths. Due to the opacity of water for long-wave radiation and to the damping of vertical turbulence by the stability, there is no potent mechanism for altering the potential density of any water element below the layer of direct surface influences. Hence there can be no flow of major proportions across surfaces of constant potential density. For these reasons it is now generally accepted that flow takes place essentially parallel to these surfaces. It follows that the major sources for the water on each surface of constant potential density are to be found along its intersection with the sea surface in higher latitudes.
  • Book
    The layer of frictional influence in wind and ocean currents
    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1935-04) Rossby, Carl-Gustaf ; Montgomery, Raymond B.
    The purpose of the present paper is to analyze, in a reasonably comprehensive fashion, the principal factors controlling the mean state of turbulence and hence the mean velocity distribution in wind and ocean currents near the surface. The plan of the investigation is theoretical but efforts have been made to check each major step or result through an analysis of available measurements. The comparison of theory and observations is made diffcult by the fact that in most cases measurements have been arranged without the aid of a working hypothesis concerning the dynamics of the effect studied; thus information is often lacking concerning parameters essential to the interpretation of the data.
  • Book
    Observations of vertical humidity distribution above the ocean surface and their relation to evaporation
    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1940-02) Montgomery, Raymond B.
    In order to obtain information on the effect of eddy viscosity and eddy diffusion at the boundary between sea and atmosphere, simultaneous measurements of humidity at two, three or four levels between 1 and 38 meters above the sea surface were made from Atlantis during its cruises off the east coast of the United States during the summer of 1935. The 340 series are published in the form of averages for 115 ten-minute intervals. It is now generally accepted that the wind speed in the lowest dekameters of the atmosphere varies as the logarithm of height, provided the lapse rate is not too far from the adiabatic (Lettau, 1939, p. 72 etc.). This is valid within the layer where the normal shearing stress may be considered constant with elevation and equal to the surface resistance. Accordingly the eddy viscosity coeffcient must increase linearly with elevation.
  • Technical Report
    Examples and outline of certain modifications in isentropic analysis
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1941-01-31) Montgomery, Raymond B. ; Spilhaus, Athelstan Fred
    Isentropic analysis in this country originated with a particular purpose in view, namely as a means of using moisture distribution to determine flow patterns in the atmosphere It revealed, very successfully, certain theoretically anticipated patterns. Subsequently it has come into general use in connection with upper-air analysis but for the most part its application is dominated by the original particular purpose. A rather different approach is to use isentropic analysis in a more purely descriptive fashion as the principal tool for upper-air analysis. This demands that an isentropic chart represent synoptically as much useful information as possible and that all phases of its preparation receive due care.