Kettle A. James

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Kettle
First Name
A. James
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  • Thesis
    A model of the temporal and spatial distribution of carbon monoxide in the mixed layer
    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1994-06) Kettle, A. James
    A field experiment demonstrated the presence of a diurnal cycle in the concentration of carbon monoxide ([CO]) in the upper ocean at the BATS site. A series of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were carried out to assess the diurnal variation in [CO] both at the sea surface and in the upper layers of the water column down to 200 m. Published studies of this cycle have suggested that the dominant controlling processes are light-induced production, microbial CO consumption, surface degassing, and dilution due to entrainment of deeper CO-depleted water into the mixed layer. Laboratory experiments focussed on finding the production rate coefficient and the destruction rate. The numerical studies were conducted to simulate the diurnal cycle in [CO] at the sea surface and at depth, and the results confirmed the values of the production rate coefficient and destruction rate obtained by the laboratory experiments. The field measurements indicate that [CO] does not vanish below the euphotic zone as expected. This may be due to a possible blank correction to the measurements, low destruction rate at depth, or a small dark production rate. The CO consumption e-folding was optimized by numeric experiment and calculated to be about 52±9 h on the basis of a minimized sea surface [CO] deviation and 73±10 h on the basis of minimized CO inventory deviation. Laboratory determinations of apparent quantum yield and numeric experiment lead to an optimized sea surface production of CO 0.40 ± 0.05nMh-1. Finally, deviations between the [CO] measurements and numeric experiments suggest that factors controlling the CO budget may be subject to spatial and temporal patchiness.
  • Technical Report
    Report on R. V. Akademik Vernadsky cruise 39, stage IV, June 17 - July 17, 1989
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1990-04) Fofonoff, Nicholas P. ; Levy, Ellen ; Kettle, A. James ; Navitsky, Richard C.
    Participation by U. S. personnel on Cruise 39, Leg IV (June 17 - July 17, 1989) of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute's research vessel Akademik Vernadsky provided valuable information, documented in the present report for planning future cooperative projects with Soviet oceanographers. Detailed descriptions are given of the ship, its scientific laboratories, computers and onboard instrumentation. Planning and operating procedures are described and examples are given of daily work plans, seminars, menus and social activities. Personal accounts by the U. S. participants are also included. Many of the shipboard activities were recorded on VHS video cassettes. The oceanographic data collected in the Gulf Stream survey region during Leg IV are documented in the report. Copies of data sets were provided to the U. S. participants in exchange for U. S. data from the region during the survey period.