Brandt Marilyn

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Brandt
First Name
Marilyn
ORCID
0000-0001-8639-7851

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  • Article
    Alphaflexivirus genomes in stony coral tissue loss disease-affected, disease-exposed, and disease-unexposed coral colonies in the U.S. Virgin Islands
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2022-02-17) Veglia, Alex J. ; Beavers, Kelsey ; Van Buren, Emily W. ; Meiling, Sonora S. ; Muller, Erinn ; Smith, Tyler B. ; Holstein, Daniel M. ; Apprill, Amy ; Brandt, Marilyn ; Mydlarz, Laura ; Correa, Adrienne M.S.
    Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is decimating Caribbean corals. Here, through the metatranscriptomic assembly and annotation of two alphaflexivirus-like strains, we provide genomic evidence of filamentous viruses in SCTLD-affected, -exposed, and -unexposed coral colonies. These data will assist in clarifying the roles of viruses in SCTLD.
  • Dataset
    Raw cover of sponges from repeated surveys in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, before and after the 2017 hurricane season
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2023-03-08) Gochfeld, Deborah J. ; Brandt, Marilyn ; Olson, Julie
    Prior to the 2017 hurricanes, six shallow (8-15 meter depth) reef sites had been selected from the Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program’s (TCRMP) permanent monitoring sites to study variation in sponge communities- Black Point (BP), Coculus Rock (CR), and Magens Bay (MB), which are in embayments with heavily developed watersheds. Buck Island (BI) and Savana Island (SI) are located near undeveloped offshore cays. Botany Bay (BB) is a nearshore site in a bay with a low level of watershed development. This dataset represents sponge cover from repeated surveys before and after the 2017 hurricane season. We used three randomly selected transects out of the six permanently established 10-meter TCRMP transects at each site. The same three transects at each site were re-surveyed repeatedly in August 2016 (pre-hurricanes), December 2017 (10 weeks post-hurricanes), March 2018 (24 weeks post-hurricanes), November 2018 (61 weeks post-hurricanes), and July 2019 (93 weeks post-hurricanes). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/890324
  • Dataset
    Sponge volume at Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program’s (TCRMP) permanent monitoring sites, 2015-2017
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2020-07-08) Gochfeld, Deborah J ; Brandt, Marilyn ; Olson, Julie
    Sponge volume at Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program’s (TCRMP) permanent monitoring sites, 2015-2017. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/814490
  • Dataset
    Phenotypic information collected from white plague disease exposure in a controlled environment at The University of the Virgin Islands Center for Marine and Environmental Studies in June of 2017
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2020-11-18) Mydlarz, Laura ; Brandt, Marilyn ; MacKnight, Nicholas
    Phenotypic information collected from white plague disease exposure in a controlled environment at The University of the Virgin Islands Center for Marine and Environmental Studies in June of 2017. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/829113
  • Dataset
    Ecological results of SCTLD multi-species transmission experiment at the University of the Virgin Islands Center for Marine and Environmental Studies
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2022-07-20) Brandt, Marilyn ; Correa, Adrienne M.S. ; Meiling, Sonora ; Veglia, Alex J. ; Lasseigne, Danielle ; MacKnight, Nicholas ; Dimos, Bradford ; Huntley, Naomi ; Muller, Erinn ; Mydlarz, Laura ; Apprill, Amy ; Smith, Tyler ; Holstein, Daniel
    This dataset represents the ecological results of a stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) multi-species transmission experiment. Eight colonies of six species of corals (Colpophyllia natans, Montastraea cavernosa, Orbicella annularis, Porites astreoides, Pseudodiploria strigosa, and Siderastrea siderea) were split in half and one half of these fragments were simultaneously exposed toSCTLD-affected colonies of Diploria labyrinthiformis and the other half were exposed to healthy colonies of D. labyrinthiformis. All corals were monitored for lesion appearance over an eight day experimental period. No lesions were recorded on healthy-exposed corals. Numbers of fragments showing lesion appearance, time to lesion appearance, and expansion rates of lesions for SCTLD-exposed corals are reported here. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/875156
  • Dataset
    Sponge density and morphology and percent cover of sponges and associated community at Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program site, pre- and post-hurricane, 2015-2017
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2020-07-08) Gochfeld, Deborah J ; Brandt, Marilyn ; Olson, Julie
    Sponge density and morphology and percent cover of sponges and associated benthic community determined from videos of three transects at Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program site, pre- and post-hurricane, 2015-2017. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/814267
  • Dataset
    Sponge volume from repeated surveys in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, before and after the 2017 hurricane season
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2023-03-08) Gochfeld, Deborah J. ; Olson, Julie ; Brandt, Marilyn
    Prior to the 2017 hurricanes, six shallow (8-15 meter depth) reef sites had been selected from the Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program’s (TCRMP) permanent monitoring sites to study variation in sponge communities - Black Point (BP), Coculus Rock (CR), and Magens Bay (MB), which are in embayments with heavily developed watersheds. Buck Island (BI) and Savana Island (SI) are located near undeveloped offshore cays. Botany Bay (BB) is a nearshore site in a bay with a low level of watershed development. This dataset represents sponge volume from these repeated surveys before and after the 2017 hurricane season. We used three randomly selected transects out of the six permanently established 10-meter TCRMP transects at each site. The same three transects at each site were re-surveyed repeatedly in August 2016 (pre-hurricanes), December 2017 (10 weeks post-hurricanes), March 2018 (24 weeks post-hurricanes), November 2018 (61 weeks post-hurricanes), and July 2019 (93 weeks post-hurricanes). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/889972
  • Preprint
    Microbial bioindicators of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease identified in corals and overlying waters using a rapid field-based sequencing approach
    (Society for Applied Microbiology, 2021-08-25) Becker, Cynthia ; Brandt, Marilyn ; Miller, Carolyn A. ; Apprill, Amy
    Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) is a devastating disease. Since 2014, it has spread along the entire Florida Reef Tract and into the greater Caribbean. It was first detected in the United States Virgin Islands in January 2019. To more quickly identify microbial bioindicators of disease, we developed a rapid pipeline for microbiome sequencing. Over a span of 10 days we collected, processed and sequenced coral and near-coral seawater microbiomes from diseased and apparently healthy Colpophyllia natans, Montastraea cavernosa, Meandrina meandrites and Orbicella franksi. Analysis of bacterial and archaeal 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences revealed 25 bioindicator amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) enriched in diseased corals. These bioindicator ASVs were additionally recovered in near-coral seawater (<5 cm of coral surface), a potential reservoir for pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis of microbial bioindicators with sequences from the Coral Microbiome Database revealed that Vibrio, Arcobacter, Rhizobiaceae and Rhodobacteraceae sequences were related to disease-associated coral bacteria and lineages novel to corals. Additionally, four ASVs (Algicola, Cohaesibacter, Thalassobius and Vibrio) were matches to microbes previously associated with SCTLD that should be targets for future research. Overall, this work suggests that a rapid sequencing framework paired with specialized databases facilitates identification of microbial disease bioindicators.
  • Article
    Variable species responses to experimental stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) exposure
    (Frontiers Media, 2021-04-30) Meiling, Sonora S. ; Muller, Erinn ; Lasseigne, Danielle ; Rossin, Ashley ; Veglia, Alex J. ; MacKnight, Nicholas ; Dimos, Bradford ; Huntley, Naomi ; Correa, Adrienne M. S. ; Smith, Tyler B. ; Holstein, Daniel M. ; Mydlarz, Laura ; Apprill, Amy ; Brandt, Marilyn
    Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was initially documented in Florida in 2014 and outbreaks with similar characteristics have since appeared in disparate areas throughout the northern Caribbean, causing significant declines in coral communities. SCTLD is characterized by focal or multifocal lesions of denuded skeleton caused by rapid tissue loss and affects at least 22 reef-building species of Caribbean corals. A tissue-loss disease consistent with the case definition of SCTLD was first observed in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) in January of 2019 off the south shore of St. Thomas at Flat Cay. The objective of the present study was to characterize species susceptibility to the disease present in St. Thomas in a controlled laboratory transmission experiment. Fragments of six species of corals (Colpophyllia natans, Montastraea cavernosa, Orbicella annularis, Porites astreoides, Pseudodiploria strigosa, and Siderastrea siderea) were simultaneously incubated with (but did not physically contact) SCTLD-affected colonies of Diploria labyrinthiformis and monitored for lesion appearance over an 8 day experimental period. Paired fragments from each corresponding coral genotype were equivalently exposed to apparently healthy colonies of D. labyrinthiformis to serve as controls; none of these fragments developed lesions throughout the experiment. When tissue-loss lesions appeared and progressed in a disease treatment, the affected coral fragment, and its corresponding control genet, were removed and preserved for future analysis. Based on measures including disease prevalence and incidence, relative risk of lesion development, and lesion progression rates, O. annularis, C. natans, and S. siderea showed the greatest susceptibility to SCTLD in the USVI. These species exhibited earlier average development of lesions, higher relative risk of lesion development, greater lesion prevalence, and faster lesion progression rates compared with the other species, some of which are considered to be more susceptible based on field observations (e.g., P. strigosa). The average transmission rate in the present study was comparable to tank studies in Florida, even though disease donor species differed. Our findings suggest that the tissue loss disease affecting reefs of the USVI has a similar epizootiology to that observed in other regions, particularly Florida.
  • Dataset
    Application of a rapid microbiome characterization pipeline to corals afflicted with Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease in St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands.
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2021-01-12) Apprill, Amy ; Brandt, Marilyn
    Application of a rapid microbiome characterization pipeline to corals afflicted with Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease in St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/833133
  • Article
    Experimental transmission of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease results in differential microbial responses within coral mucus and tissue
    (Springer, 2022-05-30) Huntley, Naomi ; Brandt, Marilyn ; Becker, Cynthia ; Miller, Carolyn A. ; Meiling, Sonora S. ; Correa, Adrienne M.S. ; Holstein, Daniel M. ; Muller, Erinn ; Mydlarz, Laura ; Smith, Tyler B. ; Apprill, Amy
    Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a widespread and deadly disease that affects nearly half of Caribbean coral species. To understand the microbial community response to this disease, we performed a disease transmission experiment on US Virgin Island (USVI) corals, exposing six species of coral with varying susceptibility to SCTLD. The microbial community of the surface mucus and tissue layers were examined separately using a small subunit ribosomal RNA gene-based sequencing approach, and data were analyzed to identify microbial community shifts following disease acquisition, potential causative pathogens, as well as compare microbiota composition to field-based corals from the USVI and Florida outbreaks. While all species displayed similar microbiome composition with disease acquisition, microbiome similarity patterns differed by both species and mucus or tissue microhabitat. Further, disease exposed but not lesioned corals harbored a mucus microbial community similar to those showing disease signs, suggesting that mucus may serve as an early warning detection for the onset of SCTLD. Like other SCTLD studies in Florida, Rhodobacteraceae, Arcobacteraceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Fusibacter, Marinifilaceae, and Vibrionaceae dominated diseased corals. This study demonstrates the differential response of the mucus and tissue microorganisms to SCTLD and suggests that mucus microorganisms may be diagnostic for early disease exposure.
  • Dataset
    Sponge Density, Morphology, and Assemblages from repeated surveys in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, before and after the 2017 hurricane season
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2023-03-08) Gochfeld, Deborah J. ; Brandt, Marilyn ; Olson, Julie
    Prior to the 2017 hurricanes, six shallow (8-15 meter depth) reef sites had been selected from the Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program’s (TCRMP) permanent monitoring sites to study variation in sponge communities- Black Point (BP), Coculus Rock (CR), and Magens Bay (MB), which are in embayments with heavily developed watersheds. Buck Island (BI) and Savana Island (SI) are located near undeveloped offshore cays. Botany Bay (BB) is a nearshore site in a bay with a low level of watershed development. This dataset represents sponge density, morphology, and assemblages from these repeated surveys before and after the 2017 hurricane season. We used three randomly selected transects out of the six permanently established 10-meter TCRMP transects at each site. The same three transects at each site were re-surveyed repeatedly in August 2016 (pre-hurricanes), December 2017 (10 weeks post-hurricanes), March 2018 (24 weeks post-hurricanes), November 2018 (61 weeks post-hurricanes), and July 2019 (93 weeks post-hurricanes). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/890333
  • Article
    Stony coral tissue loss disease induces transcriptional signatures of in situ degradation of dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae
    (Nature Research, 2023-05-22) Beavers, Kelsey M. ; Van Buren, Emily W. ; Rossin, Ashley M. ; Emery, Madison A. ; Veglia, Alex J. ; Karrick, Carly E. ; MacKnight, Nicholas J. ; Dimos, Bradford A. ; Meiling, Sonora S. ; Smith, Tyler B. ; Apprill, Amy ; Muller, Erinn M. ; Holstein, Daniel M. ; Correa, Adrienne M. S. ; Brandt, Marilyn E. ; Mydlarz, Laura D.
    Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), one of the most pervasive and virulent coral diseases on record, affects over 22 species of reef-building coral and is decimating reefs throughout the Caribbean. To understand how different coral species and their algal symbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae) respond to this disease, we examine the gene expression profiles of colonies of five species of coral from a SCTLD transmission experiment. The included species vary in their purported susceptibilities to SCTLD, and we use this to inform gene expression analyses of both the coral animal and their Symbiodiniaceae. We identify orthologous coral genes exhibiting lineage-specific differences in expression that correlate to disease susceptibility, as well as genes that are differentially expressed in all coral species in response to SCTLD infection. We find that SCTLD infection induces increased expression of rab7, an established marker of in situ degradation of dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae, in all coral species accompanied by genus-level shifts in Symbiodiniaceae photosystem and metabolism gene expression. Overall, our results indicate that SCTLD infection induces symbiophagy across coral species and that the severity of disease is influenced by Symbiodiniaceae identity.