Boer Simone

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Boer
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Simone
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  • Article
    Sulfide ameliorates metal toxicity for deep-sea hydrothermal vent archaea
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2004-04) Edgcomb, Virginia P. ; Molyneaux, Stephen J. ; Saito, Mak A. ; Lloyd, Karen G. ; Boer, Simone ; Wirsen, Carl O. ; Atkins, Michael S. ; Teske, Andreas
    The chemical stress factors for microbial life at deep-sea hydrothermal vents include high concentrations of heavy metals and sulfide. Three hyperthermophilic vent archaea, the sulfur-reducing heterotrophs Thermococcus fumicolans and Pyrococcus strain GB-D and the chemolithoautotrophic methanogen Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, were tested for survival tolerance to heavy metals (Zn, Co, and Cu) and sulfide. The sulfide addition consistently ameliorated the high toxicity of free metal cations by the formation of dissolved metal-sulfide complexes as well as solid precipitates. Thus, chemical speciation of heavy metals with sulfide allows hydrothermal vent archaea to tolerate otherwise toxic metal concentrations in their natural environment.
  • Article
    Effects of dissolved sulfide, pH, and temperature on growth and survival of marine hyperthermophilic archaea
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2005-10) Lloyd, Karen G. ; Edgcomb, Virginia P. ; Molyneaux, Stephen J. ; Boer, Simone ; Wirsen, Carl O. ; Atkins, Michael S. ; Teske, Andreas
    The ability of metabolically diverse hyperthermophilic archaea to withstand high temperatures, low pHs, high sulfide concentrations, and the absence of carbon and energy sources was investigated. Close relatives of our study organisms, Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Archaeoglobus profundus, Thermococcus fumicolans, and Pyrococcus sp. strain GB-D, are commonly found in hydrothermal vent chimney walls and hot sediments and possibly deeper in the subsurface, where highly dynamic hydrothermal flow patterns and steep chemical and temperature gradients provide an ever-changing mosaic of microhabitats. These organisms (with the possible exception of Pyrococcus strain GB-D) tolerated greater extremes of low pH, high sulfide concentration, and high temperature when actively growing and metabolizing than when starved of carbon sources and electron donors/acceptors. Therefore these organisms must be actively metabolizing in the hydrothermal vent chimneys, sediments, and subsurface in order to withstand at least 24 h of exposure to extremes of pH, sulfide, and temperature that occur in these environments.