Cordes Erik E.

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Cordes

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Erik E.

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A blueprint for an inclusive, global deep-sea ocean decade field program

(Frontiers Media, 2020-11-25) Howell, Kerry L. ; Hilario, Ana ; Allcock, A. Louise ; Bailey, David ; Baker, Maria C. ; Clark, Malcolm R. ; Colaço, Ana ; Copley, Jonathan T. ; Cordes, Erik E. ; Danovaro, Roberto ; Dissanayake, Awantha ; Escobar Briones, Elva ; Esquete, Patricia ; Gallagher, Austin J. ; Gates, Andrew R. ; Gaudron, Sylvie M. ; German, Christopher R. ; Gjerde, Kristina M. ; Higgs, Nicholas D. ; Le Bris, Nadine ; Levin, Lisa A ; Manea, Elisabetta ; McClain, Craig ; Menot, Lenaick ; Mestre, Mireia ; Metaxas, Anna ; Milligan, Rosanna J. ; Muthumbi, Agnes W. N. ; Narayanaswamy, Bhavani E. ; Ramalho, Sofia P. ; Ramirez-Llodra, Eva ; Robson, Laura M. ; Rogers, Alex D. ; Sellanes, Javier ; Sigwart, Julia D. ; Sink, Kerry ; Snelgrove, Paul V. R. ; Stefanoudis, Paris V. ; Sumida, Paulo Y. ; Taylor, Michelle L. ; Thurber, Andrew R. ; Vieira, Rui P. ; Watanabe, Hiromi K. ; Woodall, Lucy C. ; Xavier, Joana R.

The ocean plays a crucial role in the functioning of the Earth System and in the provision of vital goods and services. The United Nations (UN) declared 2021–2030 as the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. The Roadmap for the Ocean Decade aims to achieve six critical societal outcomes (SOs) by 2030, through the pursuit of four objectives (Os). It specifically recognizes the scarcity of biological data for deep-sea biomes, and challenges the global scientific community to conduct research to advance understanding of deep-sea ecosystems to inform sustainable management. In this paper, we map four key scientific questions identified by the academic community to the Ocean Decade SOs: (i) What is the diversity of life in the deep ocean? (ii) How are populations and habitats connected? (iii) What is the role of living organisms in ecosystem function and service provision? and (iv) How do species, communities, and ecosystems respond to disturbance? We then consider the design of a global-scale program to address these questions by reviewing key drivers of ecological pattern and process. We recommend using the following criteria to stratify a global survey design: biogeographic region, depth, horizontal distance, substrate type, high and low climate hazard, fished/unfished, near/far from sources of pollution, licensed/protected from industry activities. We consider both spatial and temporal surveys, and emphasize new biological data collection that prioritizes southern and polar latitudes, deeper (> 2000 m) depths, and midwater environments. We provide guidance on observational, experimental, and monitoring needs for different benthic and pelagic ecosystems. We then review recent efforts to standardize biological data and specimen collection and archiving, making “sampling design to knowledge application” recommendations in the context of a new global program. We also review and comment on needs, and recommend actions, to develop capacity in deep-sea research; and the role of inclusivity - from accessing indigenous and local knowledge to the sharing of technologies - as part of such a global program. We discuss the concept of a new global deep-sea biological research program ‘Challenger 150,’ highlighting what it could deliver for the Ocean Decade and UN Sustainable Development Goal 14.
Mineralogy of deep-sea coral aragonites as a function of aragonite saturation state

(Frontiers Media, 2018-12-10) Farfan, Gabriela A. ; Cordes, Erik E. ; Waller, Rhian G. ; DeCarlo, Thomas M. ; Hansel, Colleen M.

In an ocean with rapidly changing chemistry, studies have assessed coral skeletal health under projected ocean acidification (OA) scenarios by characterizing morphological distortions in skeletal architecture and measuring bulk properties, such as net calcification and dissolution. Few studies offer more detailed information on skeletal mineralogy. Since aragonite crystallography will at least partially govern the material properties of coral skeletons, such as solubility and strength, it is important to understand how it is influenced by environmental stressors. Here, we take a mineralogical approach using micro X-ray diffraction (XRD) and whole pattern Rietveld refinement analysis to track crystallographic shifts in deep-sea coral Lophelia pertusa samples collected along a natural seawater aragonite saturation state gradient (Ωsw = 1.15–1.44) in the Gulf of Mexico. Our results reveal statistically significant linear relationships between rising Ωsw and increasing unit cell volume driven by an anisotropic lengthening along the b-axis. These structural changes are similarly observed in synthetic aragonites precipitated under various saturation states, indicating that these changes are inherent to the crystallography of aragonite. Increased crystallographic disorder via widening of the full width at half maximum of the main (111) XRD peaks trend with increased Ba substitutions for Ca, however, trace substitutions by Ba, Sr, and Mg do not trend with crystal lattice parameters in our samples. Instead, we observe a significant trend of increasing calcite content as a function of both decreasing unit cell parameters as well as decreasing Ωsw. This may make calcite incorporation an important factor to consider in coral crystallography, especially under varying aragonite saturation states (ΩAr). Finally, by defining crystallography-based linear relationships between ΩAr of synthetic aragonite analogs and lattice parameters, we predict internal calcifying fluid saturation state (Ωcf = 11.1–17.3 calculated from b-axis lengths; 15.2–25.2 calculated from unit cell volumes) for L. pertusa, which may allow this species to calcify despite the local seawater conditions. This study will ideally pave the way for future studies to utilize quantitative XRD in exploring the impact of physical and chemical stressors on biominerals.
Catalog numbers, GenBank accession numbers, and key details for specimens collected during cruises AT37-13 (2017), AT42-03 (2018), and FK190106 (2019) and vouchered in the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Benthic Invertebrate Collection

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2021-01-27) Rouse, Gregory ; Cordes, Erik E. ; Levin, Lisa A. ; Orphan, Victoria J. ; Roman, Christopher

This dataset includes catalog numbers, GenBank accession numbers, and key details for specimens collected during cruises AT37-13 (2017), AT42-03 (2018), and FK190106 (2019) and vouchered in the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Benthic Invertebrate Collection. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/838088
Inventory of push cores taken on Alvin dives on RV/Atlantis cruise AT37-13 and AT42-03 at methane seeps off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica (Costa Rica Seeps project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2021-01-21) Orphan, Victoria J. ; Cordes, Erik E.

This dataset is an inventory of push corer samples collected by HOV/Alvin on the RV/Atlantis cruises AT/37-13 and AT42-03 to the Costa Rica Margin (Mound 12, Quepos landslide, Jaco Scar) during May/June 2017 and Oct./Nov 2018. It includes a description of the sampling locations and information on the types of analyses that were to be performed on the samples. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/715706
Mussels and associated organisms sampling information collected in the Pacific margin of Costa Rica.The collections were made aboard R/V Atlantis in 2017 and 2018 using DSV Alvin. The 2019 collections were made aboard R/V Falkor, using the ROV Subastian

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2020-07-30) Cordes, Erik E. ; Orphan, Victoria J ; Rouse, Gregory ; Levin, Lisa A ; Roman, Christopher

Mussels and associated organisms sampling information collected in the Pacific margin of Costa Rica. The collections were made aboard R/V Atlantis during 2017 and 2018 using DSV Alvin. In 2019 the collections were made aboard R/V Falkor, using the ROV Subastian. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/805488
Feeding records for pH experiments conducted on Lophelia pertusa specimens collected in the Norwegian Skagerrak and the Gulf of Mexico (Lophelia OA project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-05-10) Cordes, Erik E. ; Kulathinal, Robert J.

Feeding records for pH experiments conducted on Lophelia pertusa specimens collected in the Norwegian Skagerrak and the Gulf of Mexico (Lophelia OA project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/659152
Net calcification of L. pertusa specimens exposed to different pH treatments collected on R/V Ronald Brown in Florida from October to November 2010 (Lophelia OA project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-05-13) Cordes, Erik E.

Net calcification of L. pertusa specimens exposed to different pH treatments collected on R/V Ronald Brown in Florida from October to November 2010 (Lophelia OA project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/659109
Dissolved oxygen and potential density measurements from the R/V Atlantis, R/V Ronald Brown, & E/V Nautilus in the Gulf of Mexico & Florida from 2010-2014 (Lophelia OA project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-05-13) Cordes, Erik E.

Dissolved oxygen and potential density measurements from the R/V Atlantis, R/V Ronald Brown, & E/V Nautilus in the Gulf of Mexico & Florida from 2010-2014 (Lophelia OA project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/659040
Water samples from CTD casts and vehicle-mounted bottles from the R/V Atlantis, R/V Ronald Brown, R/V Falkor, & E/V Nautilus in the Gulf of Mexico & Florida from 2010 to 2014 (Lophelia OA project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-05-13) Cordes, Erik E. ; Kulathinal, Robert J.

Water samples from CTD casts and vehicle-mounted bottles from the R/V Atlantis, R/V Ronald Brown, R/V Falkor, & E/V Nautilus in the Gulf of Mexico & Florida from 2010 to 2014 (Lophelia OA project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/658946
Mortality of L. pertusa specimens exposed to different temperatures collected on R/V Ronald Brown in Florida from October to November 2010 (Lophelia OA project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-05-13) Cordes, Erik E.

Mortality of L. pertusa specimens exposed to different temperatures collected on R/V Ronald Brown in Florida from October to November 2010 (Lophelia OA project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/659092
Tank conditions for pH experiments on Lophelia pertusa specimens collected in the Norwegian Skagerrak and the Gulf of Mexico (Lophelia OA project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-05-10) Cordes, Erik E. ; Kulathinal, Robert J.

Tank conditions for pH experiments on Lophelia pertusa specimens collected in the Norwegian Skagerrak and the Gulf of Mexico (Lophelia OA project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/659426
Sampling information from community megafauna collected from different seep sites off the Costa Rica margin. Collections taken aboard R/V Atlantis in 2017 and 2018 using DSV Alvin. The 2019 collections were made aboard R/V Falkor, using the ROV Subastian.

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2020-07-30) Cordes, Erik E. ; Orphan, Victoria J ; Rouse, Gregory ; Levin, Lisa A ; Roman, Christopher

Sampling information from community megafauna collected from different seep sites off the Costa Rica margin. Collections taken aboard R/V Atlantis in 2017 and 2018 using DSV Alvin. The 2019 collections were made aboard R/V Falkor, using the ROV Subastian. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/806673
Testing the depth-differentiation hypothesis in a deepwater octocoral

( 2015-03) Quattrini, Andrea M. ; Baums, Iliana B. ; Shank, Timothy M. ; Morrison, Cheryl L. ; Cordes, Erik E.

The depth-differentiation hypothesis proposes that the bathyal region is a source of genetic diversity and an area where there is a high rate of species formation. Genetic differentiation should thus occur over relatively small vertical distances, particularly along the upper continental slope (200-1000 m) where oceanography varies greatly over small differences in depth. To test whether genetic differentiation within deepwater octocorals is greater over vertical rather than geographic distances, Callogorgia delta was targeted. This species commonly occurs throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico at depths ranging from 400-900 m. We found significant genetic differentiation (FST=0.042) across seven sites spanning 400 km of distance and 400 m of depth. A pattern of isolation by depth emerged, but geographic distance between sites may further limit gene flow. Water mass boundaries may serve to isolate populations across depth; however, adaptive divergence with depth is also a possible scenario. Microsatellite markers also revealed significant genetic differentiation (FST=0.434) between C. delta and a closely-related species, C. americana, demonstrating the utility of microsatellites in species delimitation of octocorals. Results provided support for the depth-differentiation hypothesis, strengthening the notion that factors co-varying with depth serve as isolation mechanisms in deep-sea populations.
Shipboard design and fabrication of custom 3D-printed soft robotic manipulators for the investigation of delicate deep-sea organisms

(Public Library of Science, 2018-08-01) Vogt, Daniel M. ; Becker, Kaitlyn P. ; Phillips, Brennan T. ; Graule, Moritz A. ; Rotjan, Randi ; Shank, Timothy M. ; Cordes, Erik E. ; Wood, Robert J. ; Gruber, David F.

Soft robotics is an emerging technology that has shown considerable promise in deep-sea marine biological applications. It is particularly useful in facilitating delicate interactions with fragile marine organisms. This study describes the shipboard design, 3D printing and integration of custom soft robotic manipulators for investigating and interacting with deep-sea organisms. Soft robotics manipulators were tested down to 2224m via a Remotely-Operated Vehicle (ROV) in the Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA) and facilitated the study of a diverse suite of soft-bodied and fragile marine life. Instantaneous feedback from the ROV pilots and biologists allowed for rapid re-design, such as adding “fingernails”, and re-fabrication of soft manipulators at sea. These were then used to successfully grasp fragile deep-sea animals, such as goniasterids and holothurians, which have historically been difficult to collect undamaged via rigid mechanical arms and suction samplers. As scientific expeditions to remote parts of the world are costly and lengthy to plan, on-the-fly soft robot actuator printing offers a real-time solution to better understand and interact with delicate deep-sea environments, soft-bodied, brittle, and otherwise fragile organisms. This also offers a less invasive means of interacting with slow-growing deep marine organisms, some of which can be up to 18,000 years old.
Calcification rates from pH experiments on Lophelia pertusa specimens collected from the Norwegian Skagerrak and the Gulf of Mexico (Lophelia OA project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-05-10) Cordes, Erik E. ; Kulathinal, Robert J.

Calcification rates from pH experiments on Lophelia pertusa specimens collected from the Norwegian Skagerrak and the Gulf of Mexico (Lophelia OA project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/659379
Oceanographic drivers of deep-sea coral species distribution and community assembly on seamounts, islands, atolls, and reefs within the Phoenix Islands Protected Area

(Frontiers Media, 2020-02-13) Auscavitch, Steven R. ; Deere, Mary C. ; Keller, Abigail G. ; Rotjan, Randi ; Shank, Timothy M. ; Cordes, Erik E.

The Phoenix Islands Protected Area, in the central Pacific waters of the Republic of Kiribati, is a model for large marine protected area (MPA) development and maintenance, but baseline records of the protected biodiversity in its largest environment, the deep sea (>200 m), have not yet been determined. In general, the equatorial central Pacific lacks biogeographic perspective on deep-sea benthic communities compared to more well-studied regions of the North and South Pacific Ocean. In 2017, explorations by the NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer and R/V Falkor were among the first to document the diversity and distribution of deep-water benthic megafauna on numerous seamounts, islands, shallow coral reef banks, and atolls in the region. Here, we present baseline deep-sea coral species distribution and community assembly patterns within the Scleractinia, Octocorallia, Antipatharia, and Zoantharia with respect to different seafloor features and abiotic environmental variables across bathyal depths (200–2500 m). Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) transects were performed on 17 features throughout the Phoenix Islands and Tokelau Ridge Seamounts resulting in the observation of 12,828 deep-water corals and 167 identifiable morphospecies. Anthozoan assemblages were largely octocoral-dominated consisting of 78% of all observations with seamounts having a greater number of observed morphospecies compared to other feature types. Overlying water masses were observed to have significant effects on community assembly across bathyal depths. Revised species inventories further suggest that the protected area it is an area of biogeographic overlap for Pacific deep-water corals, containing species observed across bathyal provinces in the North Pacific, Southwest Pacific, and Western Pacific. These results underscore significant geographic and environmental complexity associated with deep-sea coral communities that remain in under-characterized in the equatorial central Pacific, but also highlight the additional efforts that need to be brought forth to effectively establish baseline ecological metrics in data deficient bathyal provinces.
sFDvent: a global trait database for deep-sea hydrothermal-vent fauna

(Wiley, 2019-07-30) Chapman, Abbie S. A. ; Beaulieu, Stace E. ; Colaço, Ana ; Gebruk, Andrey V. ; Hilario, Ana ; Kihara, Terue C. ; Ramirez-Llodra, Eva ; Sarrazin, Jozée ; Tunnicliffe, Verena ; Amon, Diva ; Baker, Maria C. ; Boschen‐Rose, Rachel E. ; Chen, Chong ; Cooper, Isabelle J. ; Copley, Jonathan T. ; Corbari, Laure ; Cordes, Erik E. ; Cuvelier, Daphne ; Duperron, Sébastien ; Du Preez, Cherisse ; Gollner, Sabine ; Horton, Tammy ; Hourdez, Stephane ; Krylova, Elena M. ; Linse, Katrin ; LokaBharathi, P. A. ; Marsh, Leigh ; Matabos, Marjolaine ; Mills, Susan W. ; Mullineaux, Lauren S. ; Rapp, Hans Tore ; Reid, William D. K. ; Rybakova, Elena Goroslavskaya ; Thomas, Tresa Remya A. ; Southgate, Samuel James ; Stöhr, Sabine ; Turner, Phillip J. ; Watanabe, Hiromi K. ; Yasuhara, Moriaki ; Bates, Amanda E.

Motivation Traits are increasingly being used to quantify global biodiversity patterns, with trait databases growing in size and number, across diverse taxa. Despite growing interest in a trait‐based approach to the biodiversity of the deep sea, where the impacts of human activities (including seabed mining) accelerate, there is no single repository for species traits for deep‐sea chemosynthesis‐based ecosystems, including hydrothermal vents. Using an international, collaborative approach, we have compiled the first global‐scale trait database for deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna – sFDvent (sDiv‐funded trait database for the Functional Diversity of vents). We formed a funded working group to select traits appropriate to: (a) capture the performance of vent species and their influence on ecosystem processes, and (b) compare trait‐based diversity in different ecosystems. Forty contributors, representing expertise across most known hydrothermal‐vent systems and taxa, scored species traits using online collaborative tools and shared workspaces. Here, we characterise the sFDvent database, describe our approach, and evaluate its scope. Finally, we compare the sFDvent database to similar databases from shallow‐marine and terrestrial ecosystems to highlight how the sFDvent database can inform cross‐ecosystem comparisons. We also make the sFDvent database publicly available online by assigning a persistent, unique DOI. Main types of variable contained Six hundred and forty‐six vent species names, associated location information (33 regions), and scores for 13 traits (in categories: community structure, generalist/specialist, geographic distribution, habitat use, life history, mobility, species associations, symbiont, and trophic structure). Contributor IDs, certainty scores, and references are also provided. Spatial location and grain Global coverage (grain size: ocean basin), spanning eight ocean basins, including vents on 12 mid‐ocean ridges and 6 back‐arc spreading centres. Time period and grain sFDvent includes information on deep‐sea vent species, and associated taxonomic updates, since they were first discovered in 1977. Time is not recorded. The database will be updated every 5 years. Major taxa and level of measurement Deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna with species‐level identification present or in progress. Software format .csv and MS Excel (.xlsx).
Sample logs from R/V Atlantis (AT26-14) Alvin dives in the Gulf of Mexico during 2014 (Lophelia OA project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-04-24) Cordes, Erik E.

Sample logs from R/V Atlantis (AT26-14) Alvin dives in the Gulf of Mexico during 2014 (Lophelia OA project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/659440
Megafaunal presence recorded from AUV Sentry phototransects conducted at sites across the Costa Rica margin from R/V Atlantis cruises AT37-13, AT42-03 in 2017 and 2018

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2021-05-07) Cordes, Erik E. ; Orphan, Victoria J. ; Rouse, Gregory ; Levin, Lisa A. ; Roman, Christopher ; Cordes, Erik

Megafaunal presence recorded from AUV Sentry phototransects conducted at sites across the Costa Rica margin from R/V Atlantis cruises AT37-13, AT42-03 in 2017 and 2018. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/847032
Mortality of L. pertusa specimens exposed to different DO levels collected on R/V Ronald Brown in Florida from October to November 2010 (Lophelia OA project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-05-13) Cordes, Erik E.

For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/659064

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