Brigham Lawson W.

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Brigham
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Lawson W.
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  • Technical Report
    The Soviet maritime Arctic : proceedings of a workshop held May 10-13, 1987 by the Marine Policy Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1988-01) Brigham, Lawson W. ; Gately, Ellen M.
    This report is a summary of an international workshop on the Soviet Maritime Arctic held May 10-13, 1987 by the Marine Policy Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Twenty-eight scholars from Canada, Great Britain, Norway and the United States participated. The workshop provided a forum for Western scholars to examine and discuss Soviet domestic and international policies regarding the Arctic Ocean. Interdisciplinary workshop sessions addressed the following concerns: strategic, geographic, historical, legal, scientific, technological, transportation, geopolitical and resource development. This report includes an overview of the workshop, 15 abstracts of contributed papers (8 with figures or tables), and an edited transcript of the concluding discussion session. Appendices include the final program, a list of participants and a list of discussion questions contributed by the participants prior to the workshop. Several key findings of the workshop include: more than 500 years of Russian involvement in the Arctic Ocean; USSR operation of the world's largest polar fleet primarily for transportation and resource development; Russian nationalism as a possible driving force in Soviet activity in the Arctic; Soviet concerns for the Arctic representing an amalgamation of interests (economic, security, environmental, resource, others), none of which alone is predominant; probable Soviet participation in international Arctic regimes based on past actions; and, Soviet legislative enactments which indicate that the balance of interests embodied in the Law of the Sea Convention are largely acceptable to the Soviet Union and that extreme doctrinal views on the legal status of polar seas do not enjoy support in law or State practice.
  • Article
    Introduction to the special issue on the new Artic Ocean
    (Oceanography Society, 2022-12-08) Weingartner, Thomas ; Ashjian, Carin ; Brigham, Lawson ; Haine, Thomas ; Mack, Liza ; Perovich, Don ; Rabe, Benjamin
    One hundred and thirty years ago, Fridtjof Nansen, the Norwegian polar explorer and scientist, set off on a bold three-year journey to investigate the unknown Arctic Ocean. The expedition relied on a critical technological development: a small, strong, and maneuverable vessel, powered by sail and an engine, with an endurance of five years for twelve men. His intellectual curiosity and careful observations led to an early glimpse of the Arctic Ocean’s circulation and its unique ecosystem. Some of Nansen’s findings on sea ice and the penetration of Atlantic Water into the Arctic Ocean established a benchmark against which we have measured profound changes over the past few decades. In contrast, little was known about the Arctic Ocean’s ecosystem processes prior to the onset of anthropogenic climate change. Nansen’s successes, which paved the way for subsequent research, were gained in part from Indigenous Greenlanders who taught him how to survive in this harsh environment.