Cowen Robert K.

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Cowen
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Robert K.
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  • Article
    Early life history and fisheries oceanography : new questions in a changing world
    (The Oceanography Society, 2014-12) Llopiz, Joel K. ; Cowen, Robert K. ; Hauff, Martha J. ; Ji, Rubao ; Munday, Philip L. ; Muhling, Barbara A. ; Peck, Myron A. ; Richardson, David E. ; Sogard, Susan M. ; Sponaugle, Su
    In the past 100 years since the birth of fisheries oceanography, research on the early life history of fishes, particularly the larval stage, has been extensive, and much progress has been made in identifying the mechanisms by which factors such as feeding success, predation, or dispersal can influence larval survival. However, in recent years, the study of fish early life history has undergone a major and, arguably, necessary shift, resulting in a growing body of research aimed at understanding the consequences of climate change and other anthropogenically induced stressors. Here, we review these efforts, focusing on the ways in which fish early life stages are directly and indirectly affected by increasing temperature; increasing CO2 concentrations, and ocean acidification; spatial, temporal, and magnitude changes in secondary production and spawning; and the synergistic effects of fishing and climate change. We highlight how these and other factors affect not only larval survivorship, but also the dispersal of planktonic eggs and larvae, and thus the connectivity and replenishment of fish subpopulations. While much of this work is in its infancy and many consequences are speculative or entirely unknown, new modeling approaches are proving to be insightful by predicting how early life stage survival may change in the future and how such changes will impact economically and ecologically important fish populations.
  • Dataset
    Multiple Opening and Closing Net Environmental Sampling System (MOCNESS) water filtering volumes from 2018 and 2019 taken in the Northern California Current waters.
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2023-02-16) Cowen, Robert K. ; Sponaugle, Su ; Sutherland, Kelly Rakow
    Multiple Opening and Closing Net Environmental Sampling System (MOCNESS) water filtering volumes from 2018 and 2019 taken in the Northern California Current waters sampled aboard the R/V Sikuliaq, R/V Sally Ride and R/V Atlantis. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/783036
  • Dataset
    Larval fish identifications and concentration (individuals per 1000m3) estimates for all day samples.
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2023-02-13) Cowen, Robert K. ; Sponaugle, Su ; Sutherland, Kelly Rakow ; Swieca, Kelsey
    Larval fish identifications and concentration (individuals per 1000m3) estimates for all day samples. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/888753
  • Dataset
    Multiple Opening and Closing Net Environmental Sampling System (MOCNESS) water filtering volumes from 2018 and 2019 taken in the Northern California Current waters.
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2021-02-26) Cowen, Robert K. ; Sponaugle, Su ; Sutherland, Kelly Rakow
    Multiple Opening and Closing Net Environmental Sampling System (MOCNESS) water filtering volumes from 2018 and 2019 taken in the Northern California Current waters sampled aboard the R/V Sikuliaq, R/V Sally Ride and R/V Atlantis. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/783036
  • Article
    Globally consistent quantitative observations of planktonic ecosystems
    (Frontiers Media, 2019-04-25) Lombard, Fabien ; Boss, Emmanuel S. ; Waite, Anya M. ; Vogt, Meike ; Uitz, Julia ; Stemmann, Lars ; Sosik, Heidi M. ; Schulz, Jan ; Romagnan, Jean-Baptiste ; Picheral, Marc ; Pearlman, Jay ; Ohman, Mark D. ; Niehoff, Barbara ; Möller, Klas O. ; Miloslavich, Patricia ; Lara-Lpez, Ana ; Kudela, Raphael M. ; Lopes, Rubens M. ; Kiko, Rainer ; Karp-Boss, Lee ; Jaffe, Jules S. ; Iversen, Morten H. ; Irisson, Jean-Olivier ; Fennel, Katja ; Hauss, Helena ; Guidi, Lionel ; Gorsky, Gabriel ; Giering, Sarah L. C. ; Gaube, Peter ; Gallager, Scott M. ; Dubelaar, George ; Cowen, Robert K. ; Carlotti, François ; Briseño-Avena, Christian ; Berline, Leo ; Benoit-Bird, Kelly J. ; Bax, Nicholas ; Batten, Sonia ; Ayata, Sakina Dorothée ; Artigas, Luis Felipe ; Appeltans, Ward
    In this paper we review the technologies available to make globally quantitative observations of particles in general—and plankton in particular—in the world oceans, and for sizes varying from sub-microns to centimeters. Some of these technologies have been available for years while others have only recently emerged. Use of these technologies is critical to improve understanding of the processes that control abundances, distributions and composition of plankton, provide data necessary to constrain and improve ecosystem and biogeochemical models, and forecast changes in marine ecosystems in light of climate change. In this paper we begin by providing the motivation for plankton observations, quantification and diversity qualification on a global scale. We then expand on the state-of-the-art, detailing a variety of relevant and (mostly) mature technologies and measurements, including bulk measurements of plankton, pigment composition, uses of genomic, optical and acoustical methods as well as analysis using particle counters, flow cytometers and quantitative imaging devices. We follow by highlighting the requirements necessary for a plankton observing system, the approach to achieve it and associated challenges. We conclude with ranked action-item recommendations for the next 10 years to move toward our vision of a holistic ocean-wide plankton observing system. Particularly, we suggest to begin with a demonstration project on a GO-SHIP line and/or a long-term observation site and expand from there, ensuring that issues associated with methods, observation tools, data analysis, quality assessment and curation are addressed early in the implementation. Global coordination is key for the success of this vision and will bring new insights on processes associated with nutrient regeneration, ocean production, fisheries and carbon sequestration.
  • Article
    Population connectivity in marine systems : an overview
    (Oceanography Society, 2007-09) Cowen, Robert K. ; Gawarkiewicz, Glen G. ; Pineda, Jesus ; Thorrold, Simon R. ; Werner, Francisco E.
    There is growing consensus that life within the world’s ocean is under considerable and increasing stress from human activities (Hutchings, 2000; Jackson et al., 2001). This unprecedented strain on both the structure and function of marine ecosystems has led to calls for new management approaches to counter anthropogenic impacts in the coastal ocean (Botsford et al., 1997; Browman and Stergiou, 2004: Pikitch et al., 2004). Spatial management, including Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), has been touted as a method for both conserving biodiversity and managing fisheries (Agardy, 1997). Continuing debates on the efficacy of MPAs have identified the need for models that capture the spatial dynamics of marine populations, especially with respect to larval dispersal (Willis et al., 2003; Sale et al., 2005). Theoretical studies suggest that population connectivity plays a fundamental role in local and metapopulation dynamics, community dynamics and structure, genetic diversity, and the resiliency of populations to human exploitation (Hastings and Harrison, 1994; Botsford et al., 2001). Modeling efforts have been hindered, however, by the paucity of empirical estimates of, and knowledge of the processes controlling, population connectivity in ocean ecosystems. While progress has been made with older life stages, the larval-dispersal component of connectivity remains unresolved for most marine populations. This lack of knowledge represents a fundamental obstacle to obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the population dynamics of marine organisms. Furthermore, a lack of spatial context that such information would provide has limited the ability of ecologists to evaluate the design and potential benefits of novel conservation and resource-management strategies.
  • Dataset
    Pyrosome (Pyrosoma atlanticum) counts from vertical video profiles in the Northern California Current acquired between February and July 2018.
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2022-08-11) Sutherland, Kelly Rakow ; Cowen, Robert K. ; Sponaugle, Su ; Lyle, Joanna
    Pyrosome (Pyrosoma atlanticum) counts from vertical video profiles in the Northern California Current acquired between February and July 2018. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/866614
  • Dataset
    Pyrosome (Pyrosoma atlanticum) samples from MOCNESS tows in the Northern California Current
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2022-08-11) Sutherland, Kelly Rakow ; Cowen, Robert K. ; Sponaugle, Su ; Lyle, Joanna
    Pyrosome (Pyrosoma atlanticum) samples from MOCNESS tows in the Northern California Current. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/866663
  • Dataset
    Standard length measurements of a representative subset of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and Stenobrachius leucopsarus collected with MOCNESS during winter and summer sampling in 2019 aboard R/V Sikuliaq, R/V Sally Ride and R/V Atlantis
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2023-02-13) Cowen, Robert K. ; Sponaugle, Su ; Sutherland, Kelly Rakow ; Swieca, Kelsey
    Standard length measurements of a representative subset of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and Stenobrachius leucopsarus collected with MOCNESS during winter and summer sampling in 2019 aboard R/V Sikuliaq, R/V Sally Ride and R/V Atlantis For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/867668
  • Dataset
    Multispecies larval otolith increment data from samples collected on R/V F.G. Walton Smith cruises WS0714, WS0720, WS0809 in the Straits of Florida from 2007-2008 (FK Population Connectivity project)
    (Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2021-12-28) Cowen, Robert K. ; Kourafalou, Vassiliki ; Paris-Limouzy, Claire B. ; Sponaugle, Su
    Multispecies larval otolith increment data from samples collected on R/V F.G. Walton Smith cruises WS0714, WS0720, WS0809 in the Straits of Florida from 2007-2008. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/529658