Hutchings Jennifer K.

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Hutchings
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Jennifer K.
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  • Article
    Toward quantifying the increasing role oceanic heat in sea ice loss in the new Arctic
    (American Meteorological Society, 2015-12) Carmack, Eddy C. ; Polyakov, Igor V. ; Padman, Laurie ; Fer, Ilker ; Hunke, Elizabeth C. ; Hutchings, Jennifer K. ; Jackson, Jennifer M. ; Kelley, Daniel E. ; Kwok, Ron ; Layton, Chantelle ; Melling, Humfrey ; Perovich, Donald K. ; Persson, Ola ; Ruddick, Barry R. ; Timmermans, Mary-Louise ; Toole, John M. ; Ross, Tetjana ; Vavrus, Steve ; Winsor, Peter
    The loss of Arctic sea ice has emerged as a leading signal of global warming. This, together with acknowledged impacts on other components of the Earth system, has led to the term “the new Arctic.” Global coupled climate models predict that ice loss will continue through the twenty-first century, with implications for governance, economics, security, and global weather. A wide range in model projections reflects the complex, highly coupled interactions between the polar atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere, including teleconnections to lower latitudes. This paper summarizes our present understanding of how heat reaches the ice base from the original sources—inflows of Atlantic and Pacific Water, river discharge, and summer sensible heat and shortwave radiative fluxes at the ocean/ice surface—and speculates on how such processes may change in the new Arctic. The complexity of the coupled Arctic system, and the logistic and technological challenges of working in the Arctic Ocean, require a coordinated interdisciplinary and international program that will not only improve understanding of this critical component of global climate but will also provide opportunities to develop human resources with the skills required to tackle related problems in complex climate systems. We propose a research strategy with components that include 1) improved mapping of the upper- and middepth Arctic Ocean, 2) enhanced quantification of important process, 3) expanded long-term monitoring at key heat-flux locations, and 4) development of numerical capabilities that focus on parameterization of heat-flux mechanisms and their interactions.
  • Article
    The MOSAiC Distributed Network: Observing the coupled Arctic system with multidisciplinary, coordinated platforms
    (University of California Press, 2024-05-10) Rabe, Benjamin ; Cox, Christopher J. ; Fang, Ying-Chih ; Goessling, Helge ; Granskog, Mats A. ; Hoppmann, Mario ; Hutchings, Jennifer K. ; Krumpen, Thomas ; Kuznetsov, Ivan ; Lei, Ruibo ; Li, Tao ; Maslowski, Wieslaw ; Nicolaus, Marcel ; Perovich, Don ; Persson, Ola ; Regnery, Julia ; Rigor, Ignatius ; Shupe, Matthew D. ; Sokolov, Vladimir T. ; Spreen, Gunnar ; Stanton, Tim ; Watkins, Daniel M. ; Blockley, Ed ; Buenger, H. Jakob ; Cole, Sylvia T. ; Fong, Allison A. ; Haapala, Jari ; Heuze, Celine ; Hoppe, Clara J. M. ; Janout, Markus A. ; Jutila, Arttu ; Katlein, Christian ; Krishfield, Richard A. ; Lin, Long ; Ludwig, Valentin ; Morgenstern, Anne ; O’Brien, Jeff ; Zurita, Alejandra Quintanilla ; Rackow, Thomas ; Riemann-Campe, Kathrin ; Rohde, Jan ; Shaw, William J. ; Smolyanitsky, Vasily ; Solomon, Amy ; Sperling, Anneke ; Tao, Ran ; Toole, John M. ; Tsamados, Michel ; Zhu, Jialiang ; Zuo, Guangyu
    Central Arctic properties and processes are important to the regional and global coupled climate system. The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Distributed Network (DN) of autonomous ice-tethered systems aimed to bridge gaps in our understanding of temporal and spatial scales, in particular with respect to the resolution of Earth system models. By characterizing variability around local measurements made at a Central Observatory, the DN covers both the coupled system interactions involving the ocean-ice-atmosphere interfaces as well as three-dimensional processes in the ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere. The more than 200 autonomous instruments (“buoys”) were of varying complexity and set up at different sites mostly within 50 km of the Central Observatory. During an exemplary midwinter month, the DN observations captured the spatial variability of atmospheric processes on sub-monthly time scales, but less so for monthly means. They show significant variability in snow depth and ice thickness, and provide a temporally and spatially resolved characterization of ice motion and deformation, showing coherency at the DN scale but less at smaller spatial scales. Ocean data show the background gradient across the DN as well as spatially dependent time variability due to local mixed layer sub-mesoscale and mesoscale processes, influenced by a variable ice cover. The second case (May–June 2020) illustrates the utility of the DN during the absence of manually obtained data by providing continuity of physical and biological observations during this key transitional period. We show examples of synergies between the extensive MOSAiC remote sensing observations and numerical modeling, such as estimating the skill of ice drift forecasts and evaluating coupled system modeling. The MOSAiC DN has been proven to enable analysis of local to mesoscale processes in the coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean system and has the potential to improve model parameterizations of important, unresolved processes in the future.