Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Data Sets
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DatasetCarbonate System data on Georges Bank from cruises occurring in May and September 2021(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2025-03-05)These data are described in a study presenting the first high-resolution spatial analysis of carbonate chemistry on Georges Bank, a highly productive shallow bank located at the southeastern edge of the Gulf of Maine. Despite numerous studies on the hydrography, nutrient chemistry, and biology, regional carbonate chemistry remains unexplored, in particular for near-bottom conditions. Data included in this repository were collected during two cruises that occurred in May and October 2021. Data include temperature, salinity, pressure, dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity. These data were used to identify multi-endmember mixing, and the manuscript describes the result of a Bayesian mixing model analysis that separates water mass mixing from other processes like net community production, air-sea exchange, and other biogeochemical processes/error. Data included in this repository were collected during two cruises that occurred in May and October 2021 on Georges Bank, in the Northwest Atlantic region. Data include surface and bottom water temperature, salinity, pressure, dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity.
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ArticleParticulate and dissolved metabolite distributions along a latitudinal transect of the western Atlantic Ocean(Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography, 2022-12-23)Metabolites, or the small organic molecules that are synthesized by cells during metabolism, comprise a complex and dynamic pool of carbon in the ocean. They are an essential currency in interactions at the population and community levels of biological organization. Characterizing metabolite distributions inside microbial cells and dissolved in seawater is essential to understanding the controls on their production and fate, as well as their roles in shaping marine microbial food webs. Here, we apply a targeted metabolomics method to quantify particulate and dissolved distributions of a suite of biologically relevant metabolites including vitamins, amino acids, nucleic acids, osmolytes, and intermediates in biosynthetic pathways along a latitudinal transect in the western Atlantic Ocean. We find that, in the upper 200 m of the water column, most particulate or intracellular metabolites positively covary with the most abundant microbial taxa. In contrast, dissolved metabolites exhibited greater variability with differences in distribution between ocean regions. Although fewer particulate metabolites were detected below 200 m, the particulate metabolites identified in the deep ocean may be linked to adaptive physiological strategies of deep‐sea microbes. Based on the identified metabolite distributions, we propose relationships between certain metabolites and microbial populations, and find that dissolved metabolite distributions are not directly related to their particulate abundances.
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DatasetQuantifying pelagic primary production and respiration via automated in-situ incubation system(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2022-10-20)We developed and validated a novel automated water incubator that measures in-situ rates of photosynthesis and respiration. This dataset includes raw data, Monte-Carlo simulation method, and processed results from field deployments in Summer, 2021. Deployment of the incubator was conducted near Ucantena Island, Massachusetts, USA. The dataset includes timeseries of automated incubation experiments, reporting dissolved oxygen concentration (DO), temperature, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). There are four deployments spanning from late august to early October, 2021. Each deployment lasted approximately 72 hours. Hourly DO fluxes from photosynthesis/respiration are calculated and reported for each deployment respectively. Data of derivative analysis are also included for various validation on the automated incubator and data analysis techniques.
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DatasetDiscovering hydrothermalism from afar: in situ methane instrumentation and change-point detection for decision-making(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2022-10-06)Seafloor hydrothermalism plays a critical role in fundamental interactions between geochemical and biological processes in the deep ocean. A significant number of hydrothermal vents are hypothesized to exist, but many of these remain undiscovered due in part to the difficulty of detecting hydrothermalism using standard sensors on rosettes towed in the water column or robotic platforms performing surveys. Here, we use in situ methane sensors to complement standard sensing technology for hydrothermalism discovery and compare sensing equipment on a towed rosette and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) during a 17 km long transect in the Northern Guaymas Basin. This transect spatially intersected with a known hydrothermally active venting site. These data show that methane signaled possible hydrothermal activity 1.5-3 km laterally (100-150m vertically) from a known vent. Methane as a signal for hydrothermalism performed similarly to standard turbidity sensors (plume detection 2.2-3.3 km from reference source), and more sensitively and clearly than temperature, salinity, and oxygen instruments which readily respond to physical mixing in background seawater. We additionally introduce change-point detection algorithms---streaming cross-correlation and regime identification---as a means of real-time hydrothermalism discovery and discuss related data monitoring technologies that could be used in planning, executing, and monitoring explorative surveys for hydrothermalism.
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DatasetHunting Bubbles Falkor Cruise 2019(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2019-12-23)The Hunting Bubbles Cruise took place in August-September 2018 on the R/V Falkor (cruise ID 180824). Ship time was provided by the Schmidt Ocean Institute. This cruise investigated transport of methane from seeps located on the Cascadia Margin. Data archived at the WHOAS repository supplements additional data from this cruise available at the R2R rolling deck to repository and at MGDS: Marine Geoscience Data System.
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DatasetFractional solubility of aerosol iron : synthesis of a global-scale data set [revised]( 2012-03-26)Aerosol deposition provides a major input of the essential micronutrient iron to the open ocean. A critical parameter with respect to biological availability is the proportion of aerosol iron that enters the oceanic dissolved iron pool – the so-called fractional solubility of aerosol iron (%FeS). Here we present a global-scale compilation of total aerosol iron loading (FeT) and estimated %FeS values for ~1100 samples collected over the open ocean, the coastal ocean, and some continental sites, including a new data set from the Atlantic Ocean. Despite the wide variety of methods that have been used to define 'soluble' aerosol iron, our global-scale compilation reveals a remarkably consistent trend in the fractional solubility of aerosol iron as a function of total aerosol iron loading, with the great bulk of the data defining an hyperbolic trend. The hyperbolic trends that we observe for both global- and regional-scale data are adequately described by a simple two-component mixing model, whereby the fractional solubility of iron in the bulk aerosol reflects the conservative mixing of 'lithogenic' mineral dust (high FeT and low %FeS) and non-lithogenic 'combustion' aerosols (low FeT and high %FeS). An increasing body of empirical and model-based evidence points to anthropogenic fuel combustion as the major source of these non-lithogenic 'combustion' aerosols, implying that human emissions are a major determinant of the fractional solubility of iron in marine aerosols. The robust global-scale relationship between %FeS and FeT provides a simple heuristic method for estimating aerosol iron solubility at the regional to global scale.
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DatasetFractional solubility of aerosol iron : synthesis of a global-scale data set( 2011-10-05)Aerosol deposition provides a major input of the essential micronutrient iron to the open ocean. A critical parameter with respect to bioavailability is the proportion of aerosol iron that enters the oceanic dissolved iron pool – the so-called fractional solubility of aerosol iron (%FeS). Here we present a global-scale compilation of total aerosol iron loading (FeT) and %FeS values for ~1100 samples collected over the open ocean, the coastal ocean, and some continental sites, including new data from the Atlantic Ocean. The global-scale compilation reveals a remarkably consistent trend in the fractional solubility of aerosol iron as a function of total aerosol iron loading, with the great bulk of the data falling along an inverse hyperbolic trend. The large dynamic range in %FeS (0-95%) varies with FeT in a manner similar to that identified for aerosols collected in the Sargasso Sea by Sedwick et al. (2007), who posit that the trend reflects near-conservative mixing between air masses that carry lithogenic mineral dust (with high FeT and low %FeS) and non-soil-dust aerosols such as anthropogenic combustion emissions (with low FeT and high %FeS), respectively. An increasing body of empirical evidence points to the importance of aerosol source and composition in determining the fractional solubility of aerosol iron, such that anthropogenic combustion emissions appear to play a critical role in determining this parameter in the bulk marine aerosol. The robust global-scale relationship between %FeS and FeT may provide a simple heuristic method for estimating aerosol iron solubility at the regional to global scale.