Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)
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ArticleModeling acoustic propagation of airgun array pulses recorded on tagged sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus)(Acoustical Society of America, 2006-12) DeRuiter, Stacy L. ; Tyack, Peter L. ; Lin, Ying-Tsong ; Newhall, Arthur E. ; Lynch, James F. ; Miller, Patrick J. O.In 2002 and 2003, tagged sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) were experimentally exposed to airgun pulses in the Gulf of Mexico, with the tags providing acoustic recordings at measured ranges and depths. Ray trace and parabolic equation (PE) models provided information about sound propagation paths and accurately predicted time of arrival differences between multipath arrivals. With adequate environmental information, a broadband acoustic PE model predicted the relative levels of multipath arrivals recorded on the tagged whales. However, lack of array source signature data limited modeling of absolute received levels. Airguns produce energy primarily below 250 Hz, with spectrum levels about 20–40 dB lower at 1 kHz. Some arrivals recorded near the surface in 2002 had energy predominantly above 500 Hz; a surface duct in the 2002 sound speed profile helps explain this effect, and the beampattern of the source array also indicates an increased proportion of high-frequency sound at near-horizontal launch angles. These findings indicate that airguns sometimes expose animals to measurable sound energy above 250 Hz, and demonstrate the influences of source and environmental parameters on characteristics of received airgun pulses. The study also illustrates that on-axis source levels and simple geometric spreading inadequately describe airgun pulse propagation and the extent of exposure zones.
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ArticleOff-axis effects on the multipulse structure of sperm whale usual clicks with implications for sound production(Acoustical Society of America, 2005-11) Zimmer, Walter M. X. ; Madsen, Peter T. ; Teloni, Valeria ; Johnson, Mark P. ; Tyack, Peter L.Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) produce multipulsed clicks with their hypertrophied nasal complex. The currently accepted view of the sound generation process is based on the click structure measured directly in front of, or behind, the whale where regular interpulse intervals (IPIs) are found between successive pulses in the click. Most sperm whales, however, are recorded with the whale in an unknown orientation with respect to the hydrophone where the multipulse structure and the IPI do not conform to a regular pulse pattern. By combining far-field recordings of usual clicks with acoustic and orientation information measured by a tag on the clicking whale, we analyzed clicks from known aspects to the whale. We show that a geometric model based on the bent horn theory for sound production can explain the varying off-axis multipulse structure. Some of the sound energy that is reflected off the frontal sac radiates directly into the water creating an intermediate pulse p1/2 seen in off-axis recordings. The powerful p1 sonar pulse exits the front of the junk as predicted by the bent-horn model, showing that the junk of the sperm whale nasal complex is both anatomically and functionally homologous to the melon of smaller toothed whales.
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DatasetPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 6/11/2003 Animal a Depth Profile(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2008-09-16T15:29:07Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionLocation: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Permit: Permit # 981-1707 issued to Peter L. Tyack, Water Depth: 1099m
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DatasetPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 6/13/2003 Animal a Depth Profile(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2008-09-16T15:29:08Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionLocation: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Permit: Permit # 981-1707 issued to Peter L. Tyack, Water Depth: 829m
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DatasetPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 6/14/2003 Animal a Depth Profile(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2008-09-16T15:29:09Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionLocation: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Permit: Permit # 981-1707 issued to Peter L. Tyack, Water Depth: 833m
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DatasetPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 6/14/2003 Animal b Depth Profile(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2008-09-16T15:29:06Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionLocation: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Permit: Permit # 981-1707 issued to Peter L. Tyack, Water Depth: 833m
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DatasetPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 6/16/2003 Animal a Depth Profile(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2008-09-16T15:29:01Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionLocation: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Permit: Permit # 981-1707 issued to Peter L. Tyack, Water Depth: 973m
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DatasetPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 6/22/2003 Animal b Depth Profile(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2008-09-16T15:29:07Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionLocation: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Permit: Permit # 981-1707 issued to Peter L. Tyack, Water Depth: 779m
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DatasetPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 6/5/2003 Animal a Depth Profile(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2008-09-16T15:29:00Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionLocation: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Permit: Permit # 981-1707 issued to Peter L. Tyack, Water Depth: 817m
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Recording, acousticalPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 8/23/2002 Animal c Audio Recordings(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2010-08-03T14:17:59Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionCodas during the discent phase of the first deep dive. Permit: Research was conducted under permit #981-1578 issued by NMFS under the authority of the MMPA and the EPA, Sponsor: Mineral Management Service, Location: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Depth at start: 70.60 m, Depth at end: 119.72 m, Start time in sec since tag on: 28, End time in sec since tag on 52
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Recording, acousticalPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 8/23/2002 Animal c Audio Recordings(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2010-08-03T14:17:59Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionRegular clicks during the discent phase of the first deep dive. Permit: Research was conducted under permit #981-1578 issued by NMFS under the authority of the MMPA and the EPA, Sponsor: Mineral Management Service, Location: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Depth at start: 252.64 m, Depth at end: 295.98 m, Start time in sec since tag on: 120, End time in sec since tag on 148
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Recording, acousticalPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 8/23/2002 Animal c Audio Recordings(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2010-08-03T14:13:52Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionBuzz at max depth of the first deep dive. Permit: Research was conducted under permit #981-1578 issued by NMFS under the authority of the MMPA and the EPA, Sponsor: Mineral Management Service, Location: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Depth at start: 736.99 m, Depth at end: 744.78 m, Start time in sec since tag on: 557, End time in sec since tag on 569
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DatasetPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 8/23/2002 Animal c Depth Profile(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2008-07-25T19:58:21Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDTAG data from a tagged sperm whale; depth (m) over time (s). Location: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Permit: Research was conducted under permit #981-1578 issued by NMFS under the authority of the MMPA and the EPA, Water Depth: 829
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Recording, acousticalPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 8/25/2002 Animal a Audio Recordings(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2010-08-03T14:17:59Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionClicks during the discent phase of the first deep dive. Permit: Research was conducted under permit #981-1578 issued by NMFS under the authority of the MMPA and the EPA, Sponsor: Mineral Management Service, Location: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Depth at start: 159.29 m, Depth at end: 183.73 m, Start time in sec since tag on: 4476, End time in sec since tag on 4506
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Recording, acousticalPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 8/25/2002 Animal a Audio Recordings(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2010-08-03T14:18:00Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionClicks and long buzz during the discent phase of the first deep dive. Permit: Research was conducted under permit #981-1578 issued by NMFS under the authority of the MMPA and the EPA, Sponsor: Mineral Management Service, Location: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Depth at start: 426.87 m, Depth at end: 479.99 m, Start time in sec since tag on: 4708, End time in sec since tag on 4738
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Recording, acousticalPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 8/25/2002 Animal a Audio Recordings(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2010-08-03T14:17:58Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionOverlapping coda exchange, focal codas and clicks during the discent phase of the first deep dive. Permit: Research was conducted under permit #981-1578 issued by NMFS under the authority of the MMPA and the EPA, Sponsor: Mineral Management Service, Location: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Depth at start: 89.74 m, Depth at end: 133.79 m, Start time in sec since tag on: 4398, End time in sec since tag on 4436
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DatasetPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 8/25/2002 Animal a Depth Profile(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2008-07-25T19:58:21Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDTAG data from a tagged sperm whale; depth (m) over time (s). Location: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Permit: Research was conducted under permit #981-1578 issued by NMFS under the authority of the MMPA and the EPA, Water Depth: 1031
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DatasetPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 8/26/2002 Animal a Depth Profile(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2008-07-25T19:58:14Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDTAG data from a tagged sperm whale; depth (m) over time (s). Location: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Permit: Research was conducted under permit #981-1578 issued by NMFS under the authority of the MMPA and the EPA, Water Depth: 857
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DatasetPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 8/26/2002 Animal b Depth Profile(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2008-07-25T19:58:15Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDTAG data from a tagged sperm whale; depth (m) over time (s). Location: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Permit: Research was conducted under permit #981-1578 issued by NMFS under the authority of the MMPA and the EPA, Water Depth: 779
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DatasetPhyseter macrocephalus Gulf of Mexico 8/27/2002 Animal a Depth Profile(The DTAG Project, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contact: dtag@whoi.edu, 2008-07-25T19:58:17Z) Johnson, Mark P. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDTAG data from a tagged sperm whale; depth (m) over time (s). Location: Gulf of Mexico, Species: Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale, Cachalot), Permit: Research was conducted under permit #981-1578 issued by NMFS under the authority of the MMPA and the EPA, Water Depth: 705