Gut-associated microbial symbionts of the marsh fiddler crab, Uca pugnax
Gut-associated microbial symbionts of the marsh fiddler crab, Uca pugnax
Date
2004-09
Authors
Gulmann, Lara K.
Linked Authors
Person
Alternative Title
Citable URI
As Published
Date Created
Location
Barnstable Harbor, Mass.
DOI
10.1575/1912/1858
Related Materials
Replaces
Replaced By
Keywords
Fiddler-crabs
Microbial ecology
Microbial ecology
Abstract
Digestive associations between marine invertebrates and resident
(attached) microbial communities may playa critical role in host physiology and
involve previously unidentified microbial species. The overarching goal of this
thesis was to characterize the ecology and genetic diversity of resident gut
microbes to advance our understanding of their interactions with their host, the
marsh fiddler crab, Uca pugnax. Furthermore, we assessed whether microbes
benefit the host by contributing extracellular enzymes along the digestive tract.
This is the first report of the eccrinid protists, Enteromyces callanassae and
Enterobryus sp., inhabiting U. pugnax. The greatest abundances of both
bacteria and protists were documented in the host stomach and hindgut. For
these sections, we have described morphologies, measured abundances and
characterized the genetic diversity (bacteria) of resident microbes. Presence and
abundance of the Eccrinales protists depends on host molt stage as all eccrinid
biomass is shed with the host's molt. In intermolt crabs, both bacterial and
protozoan symbionts appear to be consistent features of the stomach and
hindgut. Furthermore, bacterial diversity patterns seem to be comparable among
individuals and over time, as assessed by denaturing gradient gel
electrophoresis (DGGE). Community composition, however, does differ between
stomach and hindgut populations, as resolved by DGGE and clone libraries of
the 16S rRNA gene. Many recovered clones were most closely related to other
symbiotic or gut-associated bacteria. Few identified clones, however, shared
more than 95% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with their nearest known
relatives, indicating that this environment may support novel bacterial phylotypes.
An exception was the U. pugnax hindgut phylotype most closely related to a
phylotype identified from hindguts of the detritivorous shrimp Neotrypaea
californiensis. This finding suggests that detritivorous crustacean hindguts may
provide an ecological niche for specific bacterial phylotypes. Functionally,
resident bacteria, particularly in the hindgut, may contribute to total enzyme
activity in the gut of their host.
Description
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the
Woods Hole Oceanographic Insitution
September 2004
Embargo Date
Citation
Gulmann, L. K. (2004). Gut-associated microbial symbionts of the marsh fiddler crab, Uca pugnax [Doctoral thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution]. Woods Hole Open Access Server. https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/1858