Peacock Emily E.

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Last Name
Peacock
First Name
Emily E.
ORCID
0000-0003-0194-7282

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Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory 2021

2022-06-24 , Cinquino, Eve , Batchelder, Sidney , Fredericks, Janet J. , Sisson, John D. , Faluotico, Stephen M. , Popenoe, Hugh , Sandwith, Zoe O. , Crockford, E. Taylor , Peacock, Emily E. , Shalapyonok, Alexi , Sosik, Heidi M. , Kirincich, Anthony R. , Edson, James B. , Trowbridge, John H.

Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) is a leading research and engineering facility operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. MVCO has been collecting ocean and atmospheric data at 3 sites on and near Martha's Vineyard since 2001. A meteorological mast (met mast) on South Beach in Edgartown, MA has collected atmospheric data since May 31 2001. An Air Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) has been collecting atmospheric and subsurface oceanic data since August 5, 2004. A seafloor node (12m node) has been collecting oceanic data from the seafloor since June 14, 2001. This dataset encompasses the core data (wind speed and direction, air pressure, temperature and relative humidity, water temperature and salinity, and wave data) that has been collected during this period. To learn more about the facility and see additional data collected during short term deployments, visit the MVCO Website (https://mvco.whoi.edu/).

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Dataset

Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory

2021-10-15 , Cinquino, Eve , Batchelder, Sidney , Fredericks, Janet J. , Sisson, John D. , Faluotico, Stephen M. , Popenoe, Hugh , Sandwith, Zoe O. , Crockford, E. Taylor , Peacock, Emily E. , Shalapyonok, Alexi , Sosik, Heidi M. , Kirincich, Anthony R. , Edson, James B. , Trowbridge, John H.

Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) is a leading research and engineering facility operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. MVCO has been collecting ocean and atmospheric data at 3 sites on and near Martha's Vineyard since 2001. A meteorological mast (met mast) on South Beach in Edgartown, MA has collected atmospheric data since May 31 2001. An Air Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) has been collecting atmospheric and subsurface oceanic data since August 5, 2004. A seafloor node (12m node) has been collecting oceanic data from the seafloor since June 14, 2001. This dataset encompasses the core data (wind speed and direction, air pressure, temperature and relative humidity, water temperature and salinity, and wave data) that has been collected during this period. To learn more about the facility and see additional data collected during short term deployments, visit the MVCO Website (https://mvco.whoi.edu/).

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Dataset

2013 labeled IFCB images

2013 , Sosik, Heidi M. , Peacock, Emily E. , Brownlee, Emily F.

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Article

Parasitic infection of the diatom Guinardia delicatula, a recurrent and ecologically important phenomenon on the New England Shelf

2014-04-29 , Peacock, Emily E. , Olson, Robert J. , Sosik, Heidi M.

Plankton images collected by Imaging FlowCytobot from 2006 to 2013 at the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory (Massachusetts, USA) were used to identify and quantify the occurrence of the diatom Guinardia delicatula and of a parasite that seems specific to this host. We observed infection with morphological stages that appear similar to the parasite Cryothecomonas aestivalis. Our results show that events during which infection rates exceed 10% are recurrent on the New England Shelf and suggest that the parasites are an important source of host mortality. We document a significant negative relationship between bloom magnitude and parasite infection rate, supporting the hypothesis that the parasites play a major role in controlling blooms. While G. delicatula is observed during all seasons, the infecting stages of the parasite are abundant only when water temperature is above 4°C. The anomalously warm water and small G. delicatula bloom during the winter of 2012 provided evidence that parasites can be active through winter if temperatures remain relatively high. As climate change continues, winter periods of water below 4°C may shorten or disappear in this region, suggesting that parasite effects on species such as G. delicatula may increase, with immediate impacts on their population dynamics.

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Article

Temperature dependence of parasitoid infection and abundance of a diatom revealed by automated imaging and classification

2023-07-03 , Catlett, Dylan , Peacock, Emily E. , Crockford, E. Taylor , Futrelle, Joe , Batchelder, Sidney , Stevens, Bethany L. F. , Gast, Rebecca J. , Zhang, Weifeng Gordon , Sosik, Heidi M.

Diatoms are a group of phytoplankton that contribute disproportionately to global primary production. Traditional paradigms that suggest diatoms are consumed primarily by larger zooplankton are challenged by sporadic parasitic “epidemics” within diatom populations. However, our understanding of diatom parasitism is limited by difficulties in quantifying these interactions. Here, we observe the dynamics of Cryothecomonas aestivalis (a protist) infection of an important diatom on the Northeast U.S. Shelf (NES), Guinardia delicatula, with a combination of automated imaging-in-flow cytometry and a convolutional neural network image classifier. Application of the classifier to >1 billion images from a nearshore time series and >20 survey cruises across the broader NES reveals the spatiotemporal gradients and temperature dependence of G. delicatula abundance and infection dynamics. Suppression of parasitoid infection at temperatures <4 °C drives annual cycles in both G. delicatula infection and abundance, with an annual maximum in infection observed in the fall-winter preceding an annual maximum in host abundance in the winter-spring. This annual cycle likely varies spatially across the NES in response to variable annual cycles in water temperature. We show that infection remains suppressed for ~2 mo following cold periods, possibly due to temperature-induced local extinctions of the C. aestivalis strain(s) that infect G. delicatula. These findings have implications for predicting impacts of a warming NES surface ocean on G. delicatula abundance and infection dynamics and demonstrate the potential of automated plankton imaging and classification to quantify phytoplankton parasitism in nature across unprecedented spatiotemporal scales.

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Preprint

Mesoscale variability in intact and ghost colonies of Phaeocystis antarctica in the Ross Sea : distribution and abundance

2016-05 , Smith, Walker O. , McGillicuddy, Dennis J. , Olson, Elise M. B. , Kosnyrev, Valery , Peacock, Emily E. , Sosik, Heidi M.

Phaeocystis, a genus with a cosmopolitan distribution and a polymorphic life cycle, was observed during summer in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, where large blooms of this haptophyte regularly occur. The mesoscale vertical and horizontal distributions of colonies of P. antarctica were assessed using a towed Video Plankton Recorder (VPR). The mean size of colonies was 1.20 mm, and mean abundances within the three VPR surveys were 4.86, 1.96, and 11.5 mL-1. In addition to the typical spherical, transparent colonies, the VPR quantified an optically dissimilar form of colony that had a distinctive translucent appearance. It also measured the abundance of collapsed colonies, similar to those observed previously from cultures and mesocosms, which we called “ghost colonies”. The translucent colonial form had a different distribution than the more common colonial form, and at times was more abundant. Relative to intact colonies, the ghost colonies occurred less frequently, with mean abundances in the three surveys being 0.01, 0.08, and 0.0004 mL-1. Ghost colonies generally were found below the euphotic zone, where they often were in greater abundance than intact colonies. However, the relationship of ghost colonies to intact P. antarctica colonies was not direct or consistent, suggesting that the formation of ghost colonies from living colonies and their appearance within the water column were not tightly coupled. Given their relative scarcity and low carbon content, it is unlikely that ghost colonies contribute substantially to vertical flux; however, it is possible that we did not sample periods of major flux events, and as a result minimized the importance of ghost colonies to vertical flux. They do, however, represent a poorly documented feature of polar haptophyte life cycles.

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Article

A regional, early spring bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii on the New England continental shelf

2021-01-15 , Smith, Walker O. , Zhang, Weifeng G. , Hirzel, Andrew , Stanley, Rachel M. , Meyer, Meredith G. , Sosik, Heidi M. , Alatalo, Philip , Oliver, Hilde , Sandwith, Zoe O. , Crockford, E. Taylor , Peacock, Emily E. , Mehta, Arshia , McGillicuddy, Dennis J.

The genus Phaeocystis is distributed globally and has considerable ecological, biogeochemical, and societal impacts. Understanding its distribution, growth and ecological impacts has been limited by lack of extensive observations on appropriate scales. In 2018, we investigated the biological dynamics of the New England continental shelf and encountered a substantial bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii. Based on satellite imagery during January through April, the bloom extended over broad expanses of the shelf; furthermore, our observations demonstrated that it reached high biomass levels, with maximum chlorophyll concentrations exceeding 16 µg L−1 and particulate organic carbon levels > 95 µmol L−1. Initially, the bloom was largely confined to waters with temperatures <6°C, which in turn were mostly restricted to shallow areas near the coast. As the bloom progressed, it appeared to sink into the bottom boundary layer; however, enough light and nutrients were available for growth. The bloom was highly productive (net community production integrated through the mixed layer from stations within the bloom averaged 1.16 g C m−2 d−1) and reduced nutrient concentrations considerably. Long‐term coastal observations suggest that Phaeocystis blooms occur sporadically in spring on Nantucket Shoals and presumably expand onto the continental shelf. Based on the distribution of Phaeocystis during our study, we suggest that it can have a significant impact on the overall productivity and ecology of the New England shelf during the winter/spring transition.

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Dataset

2010 labeled IFCB images

2010 , Sosik, Heidi M. , Peacock, Emily E. , Brownlee, Emily F.

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Dataset

Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory 2022

2023-01-31 , Cinquino, Eve , Batchelder, Sidney , Fredericks, Janet J. , Sisson, John D. , Faluotico, Stephen M. , Popenoe, Hugh , Sandwith, Zoe O. , Crockford, E. Taylor , Peacock, Emily E. , Shalapyonok, Alexi , Sosik, Heidi M. , Kirincich, Anthony R. , Edson, James B. , Trowbridge, John H.

Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) is a leading research and engineering facility operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. MVCO has been collecting ocean and atmospheric data at 3 sites on and near Martha's Vineyard since 2001. A meteorological mast (met mast) on South Beach in Edgartown, MA has collected atmospheric data since May 31 2001. An Air Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) has been collecting atmospheric and subsurface oceanic data since August 5, 2004. A seafloor node (12m node) has been collecting oceanic data from the seafloor since June 14, 2001. This dataset encompasses the core data (wind speed and direction, air pressure, temperature and relative humidity, water temperature and salinity, and wave data) that has been collected during this period. To learn more about the facility and see additional data collected during short term deployments, visit the MVCO Website (https://mvco.whoi.edu/).

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Dataset

2014 labeled IFCB images

2014 , Sosik, Heidi M. , Peacock, Emily E. , Brownlee, Emily F.

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Dataset

2011 labeled IFCB images

2011 , Sosik, Heidi M. , Peacock, Emily E. , Brownlee, Emily F.

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Dataset

2012 labeled IFCB images

2012 , Sosik, Heidi M. , Peacock, Emily E. , Brownlee, Emily F.

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Article

Temperature regulates Synechococcus population dynamics seasonally and across the continental shelf

2023-05-12 , Stevens, Bethany L. F. , Crockford, E. Taylor , Peacock, Emily E. , Neubert, Michael G. , Sosik, Heidi M.

Hourly, year‐round flow cytometry has made it possible to relate seasonal environmental variability to the population dynamics of the smallest, most abundant phytoplankton on the Northeast US Shelf. To evaluate whether the insights from these data extend to Synechococcus farther from shore, we analyze flow cytometry measurements made continuously from the underway systems on 21 cruises traveling between the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) and the continental shelf break. We describe how seasonal patterns in Synechococcus , which have been documented in detail at MVCO, occur across the region with subtle variation. We find that the underlying relationship between temperature and division rate is consistent across the shelf and can explain much of the observed spatial variability in concentration. Connecting individual cell properties to annual and regional patterns in environmental conditions, these results demonstrate the value of autonomous monitoring and create an improved picture of picophytoplankton dynamics within an economically important ecosystem.

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