Ackley Steve

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Ackley
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Steve
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  • Article
    Emerging trends in the sea state of the Beaufort and Chukchi seas
    (Elsevier, 2016-07-06) Thomson, James M. ; Fan, Yalin ; Stammerjohn, Sharon E. ; Stopa, Justin ; Rogers, W. Erick ; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny ; Ardhuin, Fabrice ; Shen, Hayley ; Perrie, Will ; Shen, Hui ; Ackley, Stephen ; Babanin, Alexander ; Liu, Qingxiang ; Guest, Peter ; Maksym, Ted ; Wadhams, Peter ; Fairall, Christopher W. ; Persson, Ola ; Doble, Martin J. ; Graber, Hans C. ; Lund, Bjoern ; Squire, Vernon ; Gemmrich, Johannes ; Lehner, Susanne ; Holt, Benjamin ; Meylan, Michael ; Brozena, John ; Bidlot, Jean-Raymond
    The sea state of the Beaufort and Chukchi seas is controlled by the wind forcing and the amount of ice-free water available to generate surface waves. Clear trends in the annual duration of the open water season and in the extent of the seasonal sea ice minimum suggest that the sea state should be increasing, independent of changes in the wind forcing. Wave model hindcasts from four selected years spanning recent conditions are consistent with this expectation. In particular, larger waves are more common in years with less summer sea ice and/or a longer open water season, and peak wave periods are generally longer. The increase in wave energy may affect both the coastal zones and the remaining summer ice pack, as well as delay the autumn ice-edge advance. However, trends in the amount of wave energy impinging on the ice-edge are inconclusive, and the associated processes, especially in the autumn period of new ice formation, have yet to be well-described by in situ observations. There is an implicit trend and evidence for increasing wave energy along the coast of northern Alaska, and this coastal signal is corroborated by satellite altimeter estimates of wave energy.
  • Article
    Physical and biological properties of early winter Antarctic sea ice in the Ross Sea.
    (Cambridge University Press, 2020-06-24) Tison, Jean-Louis ; Maksym, Ted ; Fraser, Alexander D. ; Corkill, Matthew ; Kimura, Noriaki ; Nosaka, Yuichi ; Nomura, Daiki ; Vancoppenolle, Martin ; Ackley, Stephen ; Stammerjohn, Sharon E. ; Wauthy, Sarah ; Van der Linden, Fanny ; Carnat, Gauthier ; Sapart, Célia ; de Jong, Jeroen ; Fripiat, Francois ; Delille, Bruno
    This work presents the results of physical and biological investigations at 27 biogeochemical stations of early winter sea ice in the Ross Sea during the 2017 PIPERS cruise. Only two similar cruises occurred in the past, in 1995 and 1998. The year 2017 was a specific year, in that ice growth in the Central Ross Sea was considerably delayed, compared to previous years. These conditions resulted in lower ice thicknesses and Chl-a burdens, as compared to those observed during the previous cruises. It also resulted in a different structure of the sympagic algal community, unusually dominated by Phaeocystis rather than diatoms. Compared to autumn-winter sea ice in the Weddell Sea (AWECS cruise), the 2017 Ross Sea pack ice displayed similar thickness distribution, but much lower snow cover and therefore nearly no flooding conditions. It is shown that contrasted dynamics of autumnal-winter sea-ice growth between the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea impacted the development of the sympagic community. Mean/median ice Chl-a concentrations were 3–5 times lower at PIPERS, and the community status there appeared to be more mature (decaying?), based on Phaeopigments/Chl-a ratios. These contrasts are discussed in the light of temporal and spatial differences between the two cruises.