Briscoe Melbourne G.

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Melbourne G.

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A compilation of moored current meter and wind recorder data : volume XXXV, Long-Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) ; (Moorings 764, 765, 766, 767, 770), May 1982 - April 1983

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1984-08) Tarbell, Susan A. ; Pennington, Nancy J. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

LOTUS was a two-year experiment near 34°N, 70°W, designed to acquire and analyse a continuous set of measurements of currents and temperatures in the upper, open ocean together with local hydrography, meteorology, and mesoscale oceanographic features. The first scientific moorings were deployed in May 1982. The first year of mooring data, from May 1982- April 1983, is presented here.
Atlantis II : cruise 102 : preliminary CTD data from Jasin 1978

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1979-12) Pennington, Nancy J. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

102 profiles of conductivity, temperature, and depth (pressure) (CTD) were taken in the JASIN area northwest of Scotland in July-September 1978. These stations consisted of single and yo-yo profiles. The data set includes 14 stations taken near Anton Dohrn Seamount at 57°30'N, 11°W . Plotted profiles of temperature, salinity, sigma-theta, and buoyancy frequency, and a listing of the data, are included for most stations.
The long term upper ocean study (Lotus) : cruise summary and hydrographic data report, Oceanus 141, October 1983 and Oceanus 145, January 1984

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1984-07) Mongomery, Ellyn T. ; Pennington, Nancy J. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

OCEANUS cruises 141 (28 October-4 November 1983) and 145 (22-29 January 1984) were the tenth and eleventh cruises to the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) area centered at 34°N, 70°W. During OCEANUS 141, a C. S. Draper Labs profiling current meter (PCM) was set, the fifth LOTUS surface mooring was recovered, and the deployment of the sixth LOTUS surface mooring was unsuccessfully attempted. The sixth surface mooring was finally deployed in January, on OCEANUS 145. This report provides details of the work accomplished on both cruises, as well as presenting the hydrographic data collected.
Surface-wave data acquisition and dissemination by VHF packet radio and computer networking

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1988-04) Briscoe, Melbourne G. ; Denton, Elsie ; Frye, Daniel E. ; Hunt, Mary M. ; Montgomery, Ellyn T. ; Payne, Richard E.

Waverider buoy data are normally transmitted on a 27 MHz analog radio link to a shore station a few miles away, where the buoy data are plotted on a paper strip-chart recorder or logged digitally for later computer processing. Instead, we have constructed a relay station on Martha's Vineyard island that retransmits the received Waverider data over a digital, 148 MHz packet-radio link to a personal computer in our laboratory on Cape Cod, where the data are edited, processed, spectrally analyzed, and then sent over an Ethernet line to our Institution mainframe computer for archiving. Telephone modem access of a special wave-data file on the mainframe permits unattended data dissemination to the public. The report describes the entire system, including Waverider buoy mooring hardware, computer programs, and equipment. The purpose of the project was to learn what difficulties are involved in the automated acquisition and dissemination of telemetered oceanographic data, and to gain experience with packet radio techniques. Although secondary to these purposes, the long-term surface-wave monitoring off the southwest shore of Martha's Vineyard has its own scientific, engineering, and environmental benefits.
Atlantis II : cruise 102 : moored and shipboard surface meteorological measurements during JASIN 1978

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1979-12) Briscoe, Melbourne G. ; Alessi, Carol A. ; Payne, Richard E. ; Peal, Kenneth R.

During cruise 102 of the R/V Atlantis-II in the Joint Air-Sea Interaction Project (JASIN), surface meteorological data were gathered by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution personnel from two moored buoys and from the ship. One buoy (JASIN W2/WHOI 651) carried a Vector Averaging Wind Recorder (VAWR) and a Vector Measuring Wind Recorder (VMWR); these instruments provided 18 days of intercomparison data and 38 days of meteorological data from 30 July to 6 September 1978. The other buoy (JASIN H2) carried a VMWR and gave 25 total days of data from 16 July to 10 August, and from 26 August to 1 September. A PET computer, hardwired to sensors positioned on the ship, displayed data that were logged during both legs of the cruise. Manual data were gathered by the science watches. This report describes the PET system, and displays and compares all the data. VAWR hourly meteorological data are listed for the 38 day period. Scientific interpretation of these data, such as calculations of heat fluxes, will be published separately.
A moving target : matching graduate education with available careers for ocean scientists

(The Oceanography Society, 2016-03) Briscoe, Melbourne G. ; Glickson, Deborah A. ; Roberts, Susan ; Spinrad, Richard W. ; Yoder, James A.

The objective of this paper is to look at past assessments and available data to examine the match (or mismatch) between university curricula and programs available to graduate students in the ocean sciences and the career possibilities available to those students. We conclude there is a need for fundamental change in how we educate graduate students in the ocean sciences. The change should accommodate the interests of students as well as the needs of a changing society; the change should not be constrained by the traditions or resource challenges of the graduate institutions themselves. The limited data we have been able to obtain from schools and employers are consistent with this view: desirable careers for ocean scientists are moving rapidly toward interdisciplinary, collaborative, societally relevant activities, away from traditional academic-research/professorial jobs, but the training available to the students is not keeping pace. We offer some suggestions to mitigate the mismatch. Most importantly, although anecdotes and “gut feelings” abound, the quantitative data backing our conclusions and suggestions are very sparse and barely compelling; we urge better data collection to support curricular revision, perhaps with the involvement of professional societies.
A compilation of moored current meter and wind recorder data : volume XVIII (JASIN 1978, moorings 651-653)

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1979-07) Tarbell, Susan A. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G. ; Weller, Robert A.

Summaries of current and temperature measurements from three moorings in the 1978 Joint Air-Sea Interaction Project . (JASIN) are presented; the moorings are WHOI/JASIN numbers 651/Wl, 652/W2, and 653/W3. The instruments were either Vector Averaging Current Meters (VACM), Scripps Institution of Oceanography Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCM) , or Neil Brown Acoustic Current Meters (ACM). Displays include time series, histograms, progressive vector diagrams, scatter plots, and spectra; statistics are given for the entire deployment period (some 40 days) and for each 5-day segment. Additional measurements include pressure and vertical temperature gradient. Wind records and other meteorological observations from one of the moorings are given, as well as partial wind records from another JASIN mooring (H2) .
The Long Term Upper Ocean Study (Lotus) : cruise summary and hydrographic data report, Oceanus 119 - May 1982

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1983-02) Trask, Richard P. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

OCEANUS cruise number 119 (6-14 May, 1982) was the seventh in a series of cruises to the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) area centered at 34°N, 70°W. During this cruise five moorings were set at the LOTUS site; four for the LOTUS experiment and one, a profiling current meter mooring, for C.S. Draper Labs - MIT. In addition an engineering mooring was set at 39°30'N, 70°W. Two XBT sections were made along 70°W between 40°N and 33°N during the trip to and from the LOTUS site. Five CTD stations were also completed in the LOTUS area. Part I of this report is a summary of the major cruise activities and part II presents the hydrographic data (CTD and XBT) collected during the cruise.
The Long Term Upper Ocean Study (Lotus) : cruise summary and hydrographic data report, Oceanus 129--October 1982

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1983-08) Trask, Richard P. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

OCEANUS cruise number 129 (28 October-4 November, 1982) was the eighth in a series of cruises to the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) area centered at 34°N, 70°W. In the LOTUS area seven SOFAR floats were launched, two moorings were recovered (a LOTUS surface mooring and a C. S. Draper Labs profiling current meter mooring), and a surface mooring which replaced the one recovered was set. Seven CTD stations were also completed in the LOTUS area. Outside the LOTUS area a subsurface mooring was set in the Gulf Stream in cooperation with H. Bryden's (WHOI) Gulf Stream Observations project, and a WHOI engineering mooring at Site D was recovered, examined and redeployed. In addition several XBT sections were made, one along 70°W between 40°N and 34°N, a second surveyed a cold core ring discovered during the trip to the LOTUS area and a third was made in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream Observations mooring. Part I of this report is a summary of the major cruise activities and part II presents the hydrographic data (CTD and XBT) collected during the cruise.
The Long Term Upper Ocean Study (Lotus) : cruise summary and hydrographic data report : Endeavor 97, April 1983

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1983-10) Trask, Richard P. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

ENDEAVOR cruise number 97 (8-19 April, 1983) was the ninth scheduled cruise to the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) area centered at 34°N, 70°W. During the cruise three LOTUS moorings (a near-surface and two subsurface moorings) deployed eleven months earlier were recovered and replaced by a nearly identical set of moorings. The new array will remain in the water during the final year of LOTUS field work. The LOTUS surface mooring, scheduled to be recovered during ENDEAVOR 97, had been partially recovered one month earlier after the mooring parted and drifted off station. The lower portion of the surface mooring which went to the bottom when the mooring failed was successfully recovered during ENDEAVOR 97. A new surface mooring replacing the one that parted and a C. S. Draper Labs profiling current meter mooring were also set during the cruise. Non-mooring work included deploying three satellite tracked drifter buoys and completing five CTD stations in the LOTUS area. Several inter-comparisons between shipborne meteorological sensors and similar sensors on the LOTUS surface buoy and the drifter buoys were made. An XBT section was also completed along 70°W between 40°N and 34°N. Part I of this report is a summary of the major cruise activities and part II presents the hydrographic data (CTD and XBT) collected during the cruise.
Status report on ocean data telemetry

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1986-07) Briscoe, Melbourne G.

This document contains two workshop reports and several brief technical reports, all on aspects of ocean data telemetry and platform positioning. The principal topic is a Summary of an Ocean Telemetry Workshop held at the AGU/ ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana, on 15 January 1986. A brief version of this summary appeared in EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 4 March 1986. Both the full summary presented here and the brief form in EOS were coauthored by D. Brooks of Texas A&M University. Included here is a list of the attendees at that workshop (Appendix A), and a description of the goals and membership of the AGU Ocean Sciences Section Technical Committee on Ocean Data Telemetry and Platform Positioning, which was formed at that meeting (Appendix B). An earlier, informal, local workshop on telemetry was held at Woods Hole in March 1985; a report on that meeting is in Appendix C. Technical summaries are given on Meteor-Burst Telemetry (Appendix D), the GEOSTAR positioning system (Appendix E), tradeoffs for various telemetry systems (Appendix F), a proposed communications network [authored by M. Comberiate from NASA Goddard) (Appendix G), and the possibilities of a new kind of HF telemetry system (Appendix H). A small discussion at Woods Hole prior to the January Telemetry Workshop is reported in Appendix I.
Data tabulations and analysis of diurnal sea surface temperature variability observed at LOTUS

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1986-02) Bowers, Clarke M. ; Price, James F. ; Weller, Robert A. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

Air/sea measurements from the Long-Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) buoy in the Sargasso Sea are analyzed to learn how the diurnal response of sea surface temperature, ΔTs, is related to the surface heating, H, and the wind stress, S. Data are taken from the LOTUS-3 and LOTUS-5 records which span the summers of 1982 and 1983. The basic data are shown in monthly plots, and the analyzed daily values of ΔTs, H, and S are given in tables and in figures. Analyzed data show a clear trend of ΔTs increasing with H and decreasing with S. A best-fit, three-parameter, empirical function can account for 90 percent of the variance in a screened subset of the LOTUS data (172 days) and 81 percent of the variance of the full data set (361 days). The analyzed data are also compared with a theoretical model function now used for ocean predictions in the Diurnal Ocean Surface Layer model (DOSL) of Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center. The DOSL model function was derived from the assumption that wind-mixing occurs by a mechanism of shear flow instability. It is fully predictive and shows a parameter dependence consistent with the LOTUS data over a wide range of H and S. The DOSL model function can account for almost as much variance as the best-fit empirical function.
Internal waves, finestructure, mocrostructure, and mixing in the ocean

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1980-11) Gregg, Michael C. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

Progress in measuring, interpreting, and understanding oceanic internal gravity waves and fine and microstructure is reviewed; we emphasize the quadrennium 1975-1978. The context is how these subjects contribute to oceanic mixing. The overlap between the areas is examined, as is the relevance of the subjects to other aspects of Present trends and suggestions for future work are included, and we offer some speculation on possible progress during the next quadrennium, which may be substantial especially for finestructure understanding.
Long Term Upper Ocean Study (Lotus) : a summary of the historical data and engineering test data

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1982-12) Trask, Richard P. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G. ; Pennington, Nancy J.

Plans for the Long Term Upper Ocean Study evolved over several years. As the plans became more definite a two year period was devoted to engineering tests at the LOTUS site (34°N, 70°W). Many aspects of the proposed plans were implemented during this period in order to evaluate the performance of the equipment and instrumentation. This report presents a summary of the planning and testing periods up to but not including the first science deployments in May 1982. Historical data collected at the LOTUS site prior to the engineering tests and the data collected as part of the engineering tests are presented.
Real-time environmental Arctic monitoring (R-TEAM) deployment cruise

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1988-12) Clay, Peter R. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

The R-TEAM mooring was deployed on August 24, 1988 at the coordinates of 79°25'.92N and 06°47'.91 E. This technical report describes the mooring as set and the deployment procedures.
A compilation of moored current meter and wind recorder data: volume XXXVIII, Long-Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS): (Moorings 787, 788, 789, 790, 792)

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1985-12) Tarbell, Susan A. ; Montgomery, Ellyn T. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

The Long-Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) was a two-year field experiment near 34°N, 70°W, designed to acquire a continuous set of measurements of currents and temperatures in the upper, open ocean together with local hydrography, meteorology, and mesoscale oceanographic features. The first scientific moorings were deployed in May 1982. The first year of mooring data, from May 1982-April 1983, is presented by Tarbell, Pennington and Briscoe (1984, W.H.O.I. Tech. Rept. 84-36). The second year of mooring data, from April 1983-May 1984, when the final mooring recovery occurred, is presented here.
The Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) : cruise summary and hydrographic data report : Oceanus 154, May 1984

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1984-10) Montgomery, Ellyn T. ; Pennington, Nancy J. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

OCEANUS cruise 154 (16-23 May 1984) was the final cruise in the two year field program of the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS). The work occurred primarily in the LOTUS area (34°N, 70°W), where the entire moored array was recovered. The moorings were the following: the LOTUS-6 surface mooring (No. 792), a subsurface mooring (No. 788), two intermediate moorings (Nos. 789, 790), and a C. S. Draper Labs profiling current meter (PCMlH) mooring. Also on OCEANUS 154, a mooring was deployed for the U. S. Geological Survey at approximately 40°10'N, 69°58'W. On the return trip, an engineering test mooring was recovered at approximately 39°11'N, 70°01'W, some elements removed for testing, and then redeployed in the same location. This report presents the hydrographic data collected on OCEANUS 154, as well as providing details of the work that was accomplished.
Vertical coherence of the internal wave field from towed sensors

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1979-12) Katz, Eli J. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

Constant depth and isopycnal‐following tows are used to estimate the, towed vertical coherence of the internal wave field, at vertical separations of 8.5, 18, 28 and 70 m. The depths of the tows are ∼750 m at the maximum of the buoyancy frequency in the main thermocline of the Sargasso Sea, and near 350 m in the buoyancy frequency minimum between the main and seasonal thermoclines. The towed spectra and towed vertical coherence are compared with three model spectra (GM75, GM76 and IWEX): at 750 m the agreement between data and models is very good, with IWEX being slightly better. At 350 m several of the measured towed vertical coherence spectra are more complex than the spectra from the deeper tows, there are anomalously high coherences in a band from 0.7 to 2 cycles per kilometer that are not predictable by the models. We suggest this coherence bump may be evidence of Eckart resonance, i.e., modes tunneling between the two thermoclines into the region of low buoyancy frequency.
Long Term Upper Ocean Study (Lotus) at 34°N, 70°W : meteorological sensors, data, and heat fluxes for May-October 1982 (Lotus-3 and Lotus-4)

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1983-09) Deser, Clara ; Weller, Robert A. ; Briscoe, Melbourne G.

Meteorological data have been gathered from a moored surface buoy at 34°N, 70°W in the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) experiment. The meteorological results from the first year of LOTUS are encouraging; the data returned from redundant sensors agree closely. Surface heat fluxes calculated from the observations show the annual cycle of heat transfer to the mixed layer. This report documents the meteorological sensors on the LOTUs-3 (May 1982-october 1982) and LOTUS-4 (November 1982-March 1983) surface buoys. It describes in detail the telemetry of the meteorological data via the ARGOS satellite system. The measurements returned from LOTUS-3 are presented and evaluated. Monthly heat fluxes at the sea surface are computed using the bulk formulas and compared with the long-term means. The errors in the heat fluxes have been estimated.

Briscoe Melbourne G.

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