Yates Kimberly K.

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Yates
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Kimberly K.
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  • Article
    Vulnerability of coral reefs to bioerosion from land-based sources of pollution
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2017-12-01) Prouty, Nancy G. ; Cohen, Anne L. ; Yates, Kimberly K. ; Storlazzi, Curt D. ; Swarzenski, Peter W. ; White, Darla
    Ocean acidification (OA), the gradual decline in ocean pH and [ inline image] caused by rising levels of atmospheric CO2, poses a significant threat to coral reef ecosystems, depressing rates of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production, and enhancing rates of bioerosion and dissolution. As ocean pH and [ inline image] decline globally, there is increasing emphasis on managing local stressors that can exacerbate the vulnerability of coral reefs to the effects of OA. We show that sustained, nutrient rich, lower pH submarine groundwater discharging onto nearshore coral reefs off west Maui lowers the pH of seawater and exposes corals to nitrate concentrations 50 times higher than ambient. Rates of coral calcification are substantially decreased, and rates of bioerosion are orders of magnitude higher than those observed in coral cores collected in the Pacific under equivalent low pH conditions but living in oligotrophic waters. Heavier coral nitrogen isotope (δ15N) values pinpoint not only site-specific eutrophication, but also a sewage nitrogen source enriched in 15N. Our results show that eutrophication of reef seawater by land-based sources of pollution can magnify the effects of OA through nutrient driven-bioerosion. These conditions could contribute to the collapse of coastal coral reef ecosystems sooner than current projections predict based only on ocean acidification.
  • Article
    Productivity of a coral reef using boundary layer and enclosure methods
    (American Geophysical Union, 2011-02-15) McGillis, Wade R. ; Langdon, Chris ; Loose, Brice ; Yates, Kimberly K. ; Corredor, Jorge
    The metabolism of Cayo Enrique Reef, Puerto Rico, was studied using in situ methods during March 2009. Benthic O2 fluxes were used to calculate net community production using both the boundary layer gradient and enclosure techniques. The boundary layer O2 gradient and the drag coefficients were used to calculate productivity ranging from −12.3 to 13.7 mmol O2 m−2 h−1. Productivity measurements from the enclosure method ranged from −11.0 to 12.9 mmol O2 m−2 h−1. During the study, the mean hourly difference between the methods was 0.65 mmol O2 m−2 h−1 (r2 = 0.92), resulting in well-reconciled estimates of net community production between the boundary layer (−33.1 mmol m−2 d−1) and enclosure (−46.3 mmol m−2 d−1) techniques. The results of these independent approaches corroborate quantified rates of metabolism at Cayo Enrique Reef. Close agreement between methods demonstrates that boundary layer measurements can provide near real-time assessments of coral reef health.
  • Working Paper
    Frequently asked questions about ocean acidification
    (U.S. Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program and the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme., 2012-09-15) Cooley, Sarah R. ; Mathis, Jeremy T. ; Yates, Kimberly K. ; Turley, Carol
    Over the past five years, no other issue has received more attention in the marine science community than ocean acidification. Ocean acidification is a multi-disciplinary research area that encompasses topics such as chemistry, paleontology, biology, ecology, biogeochemistry, modeling, social sciences and economics. With this complexity and the continued development of our understanding in mind, the U.S. Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB; www.us-ocb.org) program, with support from the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (UKOA; http://www.oceanacidification.org.uk/), has updated and expanded a list of frequently asked questions (FAQs) that were developed in 2010 by OCB, the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA), and UKOA. Equipped with the most up-to-date information, the global ocean acidification research community has drafted concise, understandable summaries of the current knowledge. The responses were carefully vetted during an open peer-review and revision process to ensure readability without any loss of scientific accuracy. This effort was international in scale, with 63 scientists from 47 institutions and 12 countries contributing to the process.