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    How well does wind speed predict air-sea gas transfer in the sea ice zone? A synthesis of radon deficit profiles in the upper water column of the Arctic Ocean

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    Date
    2017-05-05
    Author
    Loose, Brice  Concept link
    Kelly, Roger P.  Concept link
    Bigdeli, Arash  Concept link
    Williams, W.  Concept link
    Krishfield, Richard A.  Concept link
    Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel M.  Concept link
    Moran, S. Bradley  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/9117
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012460
    DOI
    10.1002/2016JC012460
    Keyword
     Radon-deficit; Air-sea gas exchange; Sea ice; Gas transfer velocity; Air-sea flux; Carbon 
    Abstract
    We present 34 profiles of radon-deficit from the ice-ocean boundary layer of the Beaufort Sea. Including these 34, there are presently 58 published radon-deficit estimates of air-sea gas transfer velocity (k) in the Arctic Ocean; 52 of these estimates were derived from water covered by 10% sea ice or more. The average value of k collected since 2011 is 4.0 ± 1.2 m d−1. This exceeds the quadratic wind speed prediction of weighted kws = 2.85 m d−1 with mean-weighted wind speed of 6.4 m s−1. We show how ice cover changes the mixed-layer radon budget, and yields an “effective gas transfer velocity.” We use these 58 estimates to statistically evaluate the suitability of a wind speed parameterization for k, when the ocean surface is ice covered. Whereas the six profiles taken from the open ocean indicate a statistically good fit to wind speed parameterizations, the same parameterizations could not reproduce k from the sea ice zone. We conclude that techniques for estimating k in the open ocean cannot be similarly applied to determine k in the presence of sea ice. The magnitude of k through gaps in the ice may reach high values as ice cover increases, possibly as a result of focused turbulence dissipation at openings in the free surface. These 58 profiles are presently the most complete set of estimates of k across seasons and variable ice cover; as dissolved tracer budgets they reflect air-sea gas exchange with no impact from air-ice gas exchange.
    Description
    Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 (2017): 3696–3714, doi:10.1002/2016JC012460.
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    • Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (MC&G)
    Suggested Citation
    Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 (2017): 3696–3714
     

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