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    Inner-shelf ocean dynamics and seafloor morphologic changes during Hurricane Sandy

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    1-s2.0-S0278434316301790-main.pdf (3.258Mb)
    Date
    2017-02-17
    Author
    Warner, John C.  Concept link
    Schwab, William C.  Concept link
    List, Jeffrey H.  Concept link
    Safak, Ilgar  Concept link
    Liste, Maria  Concept link
    Baldwin, Wayne E.  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/9023
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.02.003
    DOI
    10.1016/j.csr.2017.02.003
    Keyword
     Shoreface connected sand ridges; Sediment transport; Fire Island, NY; Hurricane Sandy; Inner shelf; Numerical modeling 
    Abstract
    Hurricane Sandy was one of the most destructive hurricanes in US history, making landfall on the New Jersey coast on October 30, 2012. Storm impacts included several barrier island breaches, massive coastal erosion, and flooding. While changes to the subaerial landscape are relatively easily observed, storm-induced changes to the adjacent shoreface and inner continental shelf are more difficult to evaluate. These regions provide a framework for the coastal zone, are important for navigation, aggregate resources, marine ecosystems, and coastal evolution. Here we provide unprecedented perspective regarding regional inner continental shelf sediment dynamics based on both observations and numerical modeling over time scales associated with these types of large storm events. Oceanographic conditions and seafloor morphologic changes are evaluated using both a coupled atmospheric-ocean-wave-sediment numerical modeling system that covered spatial scales ranging from the entire US east coast (1000 s of km) to local domains (10 s of km). Additionally, the modeled response for the region offshore of Fire Island, NY was compared to observational analysis from a series of geologic surveys from that location. The geologic investigations conducted in 2011 and 2014 revealed lateral movement of sedimentary structures of distances up to 450 m and in water depths up to 30 m, and vertical changes in sediment thickness greater than 1 m in some locations. The modeling investigations utilize a system with grid refinement designed to simulate oceanographic conditions with progressively increasing resolutions for the entire US East Coast (5-km grid), the New York Bight (700-m grid), and offshore of Fire Island, NY (100-m grid), allowing larger scale dynamics to drive smaller scale coastal changes. Model results in the New York Bight identify maximum storm surge of up to 3 m, surface currents on the order of 2 ms−1 along the New Jersey coast, waves up to 8 m in height, and bottom stresses exceeding 10 Pa. Flow down the Hudson Shelf Valley is shown to result in convergent sediment transport and deposition along its axis. Modeled sediment redistribution along Fire Island showed erosion across the crests of inner shelf sand ridges and sedimentation in adjacent troughs, consistent with the geologic observations.
    Description
    This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Continental Shelf Research 138 (2017): 1-18, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2017.02.003.
    Collections
    • Coastal and Shelf Geology
    • Sediment Transport
    Suggested Citation
    Continental Shelf Research 138 (2017): 1-18
     

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