Coastal and marine resources management for the Galapagos Islands

Abstract

The report briefly describes coastal and marine resource uses and problems in Ecuador's Galapagos Islands, discusses general principles of coastal zone management (CZM) and marine resources management (MRM), examines the current status of CZM and MRM in the Galapagos Islands, and offers observations on possible avenues for improvement. The archipelago has long been the object of worldwide scientific interest. Increased demands on its coastal and marine resources, to serve a growing resident population and to accommodate potentially lucrative tourism, signal a need for greater attention to the management of these resources. Coastal and marine affairs and problems in the Galapagos which can be addressed by a CZM/MRM process include: conservation of the Islands' unique biota and habitats; tourism; port development; waste disposal; resource extraction; and fisheries. The basic elements of a CZM and MRM system are already in place in the Galapagos, but they are uncoordinated and largely ad hoc in nature. Existing and potential jurisdictional ambiguities or conflicts between the Navy/Port Captaincies, the municipalities, the National Park, the development agency for the Galapagos (INGALA) and other organizations are described. A two-zone management scheme for coastal and marine resources is outlined. It avoids the establishment of complicated new systems of boundaries and institutions, instead adapting itself to the existing situation. Four possible mechanisms for improved coordination are identified: cooperative management; a coastal zone and marine resources council; a series of agreements ("convenios") between relevant agencies; and application of incentives. The possible creation of a marine protected area is discussed, including rationale for the area's establishment, its designation and organization, jurisdictions, boundaries and zoning, and the protection of traditional uses.