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    Satellite and in situ salinity : understanding near-surface stratification and subfootprint variability

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    bams-d-15-00032%2E1.pdf (4.474Mb)
    Date
    2016-08-31
    Author
    Boutin, Jacqueline  Concept link
    Chao, Yi  Concept link
    Asher, William E.  Concept link
    Delcroix, Thierry  Concept link
    Drucker, Robert S.  Concept link
    Drushka, Kyla  Concept link
    Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas  Concept link
    Lee, Tong  Concept link
    Reul, Nicolas  Concept link
    Reverdin, Gilles  Concept link
    Schanze, Julian J.  Concept link
    Soloviev, Alexander  Concept link
    Yu, Lisan  Concept link
    Anderson, Jessica  Concept link
    Brucker, Ludovic  Concept link
    Dinnat, Emmanuel  Concept link
    Santos-Garcia, Andrea  Concept link
    Jones, W. Linwood  Concept link
    Maes, Christophe  Concept link
    Meissner, Thomas  Concept link
    Tang, Wenqing  Concept link
    Vinogradova, Nadya  Concept link
    Ward, Brian  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8442
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00032.1
    DOI
    10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00032.1
    Abstract
    Remote sensing of salinity using satellite-mounted microwave radiometers provides new perspectives for studying ocean dynamics and the global hydrological cycle. Calibration and validation of these measurements is challenging because satellite and in situ methods measure salinity differently. Microwave radiometers measure the salinity in the top few centimeters of the ocean, whereas most in situ observations are reported below a depth of a few meters. Additionally, satellites measure salinity as a spatial average over an area of about 100 × 100 km2. In contrast, in situ sensors provide pointwise measurements at the location of the sensor. Thus, the presence of vertical gradients in, and horizontal variability of, sea surface salinity complicates comparison of satellite and in situ measurements. This paper synthesizes present knowledge of the magnitude and the processes that contribute to the formation and evolution of vertical and horizontal variability in near-surface salinity. Rainfall, freshwater plumes, and evaporation can generate vertical gradients of salinity, and in some cases these gradients can be large enough to affect validation of satellite measurements. Similarly, mesoscale to submesoscale processes can lead to horizontal variability that can also affect comparisons of satellite data to in situ data. Comparisons between satellite and in situ salinity measurements must take into account both vertical stratification and horizontal variability.
    Description
    Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97 (2016): 1391-1407, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00032.1.
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    • Physical Oceanography (PO)
    Suggested Citation
    Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97 (2016): 1391-1407
     

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