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    Extreme low oxygen and decreased pH conditions naturally occur within developing squid egg capsules

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    Long_et_al- Revised-MEPS-201601053.pdf (468.1Kb)
    Date
    2016-04
    Author
    Long, Matthew H.  Concept link
    Mooney, T. Aran  Concept link
    Zakroff, Casey  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8242
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11737
    Keyword
     Cephalopod; Climate change; Hypoxia; Boundary layer; Eggs; Larva 
    Abstract
    Young animals found future cohorts and populations but are often particularly susceptible to environmental changes. This raises concerns that future conditions, influenced by anthropogenic changes such as ocean acidification and increasing oxygen minimum zones, will greatly affect ecosystems by impacting developing larvae. Understanding the potential impacts requires addressing present tolerances and the current conditions in which animals develop. Here, we examined the changes in oxygen and pH adjacent to and within normally-developing squid egg capsules, providing the first observations that the egg capsules, housing hundreds of embryos, had extremely low internal pH (7.34) and oxygen concentrations (1.9 μmol L-1). While early-stage egg capsules had pH and oxygen levels significantly lower than the surrounding seawater, late-stage capsules dropped dramatically to levels considered metabolically stressful even for adults. The structure of squid egg capsules resulted in a closely packed unit of respiring embryos, which likely contributed to the oxygen-poor and CO2-rich local environment. These conditions rivaled the extremes found in the squids’ natural environment, suggesting they may already be near their metabolic limit and that these conditions may induce a hatching cue. While squid may be adapted to these conditions, further climate change could place young, keystone squid outside of their physiological limits.
    Description
    Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 550 (2016): 111-119, doi:10.3354/meps11737.
    Collections
    • Biology
    • Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (MC&G)
    Suggested Citation
    Preprint: Long, Matthew H., Mooney, T. Aran, Zakroff, Casey, "Extreme low oxygen and decreased pH conditions naturally occur within developing squid egg capsules", 2016-04, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11737, https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8242
     
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