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    Seismic reflection imaging of the Juan de Fuca plate from ridge to trench : new constraints on the distribution of faulting and evolution of the crust prior to subduction

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    Date
    2016-03-21
    Author
    Han, Shuoshuo  Concept link
    Carbotte, Suzanne M.  Concept link
    Canales, J. Pablo  Concept link
    Nedimovic, Mladen R.  Concept link
    Carton, Helene  Concept link
    Gibson, James C.  Concept link
    Horning, Gregory W.  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8076
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012416
    DOI
    10.1002/2015JB012416
    Keyword
     Cascadia Subduction Zone; Juan de Fuca plate; Multichannel seismic reflection imaging; Subduction bending faulting; Lower crustal dipping reflections; Subducting plate hydration 
    Abstract
    We present prestack time-migrated multichannel seismic images along two cross-plate transects from the Juan de Fuca (JdF) Ridge to the Cascadia deformation front (DF) offshore Oregon and Washington from which we characterize crustal structure, distribution and extent of faults across the plate interior as the crust ages and near the DF in response to subduction bending. Within the plate interior, we observe numerous small offset faults in the sediment section beginning 50–70 km from the ridge axis with sparse fault plane reflections confined to the upper crust. Plate bending due to sediment loading and subduction initiates at ~120–150 km and ~65–80 km seaward of the DF, respectively, and is accompanied by increase in sediment fault offsets and enhancement of deeper fault plane reflectivity. Most bend faulting deformation occurs within 40 km from the DF; on the Oregon transect, bright fault plane reflections that extend through the crust and 6–7 km into the mantle are observed. If attributed to serpentinization, ~0.12–0.92 wt % water within the uppermost 6 km of the mantle is estimated. On the Washington transect, bending faults are confined to the sediment section and upper-middle crust. The regional difference in subduction bend-faulting and potential hydration of the JdF plate is inconsistent with the spatial distribution of intermediate-depth intraslab seismicity at Cascadia. A series of distinctive, ridgeward dipping (20°–40°) lower crustal reflections are imaged in ~6–8 Ma crust along both transects and are interpreted as ductile shear zones formed within the ridge's accretionary zone in response to temporal variations in mantle upwelling, possibly associated with previously recognized plate reorganizations at 8.5 Ma and 5.9 Ma.
    Description
    Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 121 (2016): 1849–1872, doi:10.1002/2015JB012416.
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    • Geology and Geophysics (G&G)
    Suggested Citation
    Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 121 (2016): 1849–1872
     

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