Geology and Geophysics (G&G)

 

Scientists in the G&G Department seek knowledge of the structure, composition, and dynamics of the earth’s interior, the origin and evolution of the earth’s crust, controls on ocean and climate change on time scales of decades to 100 million years, and processes of mass and energy transfer at the land-sea interface.

Recent Submissions

  • Science objectives for flagship-class mission concepts for the search for evidence of life at Enceladus 

    MacKenzie, Shannon M.; Neveu, Marc; Davila, Alfonso F.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Cable, Morgan L.; Phillips-Lander, Charity M.; Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.; Waite, J. Hunter; Craft, Kate; Hofgartner, Jason D.; McKay, Chris P.; Glein, Christopher R.; Burton, Dana; Kounaves, Samuel P.; Mathies, Richard A.; Vance, Steven D.; Malaska, Michael J.; Gold, Robert; German, Christopher R.; Soderlund, Krista M.; Willis, Peter; Freissinet, Caroline; McEwen, Alfred S.; Brucato, John Robert; de Vera, Jean-Pierre P.; Hoehler, Tori M.; Heldmann, Jennifer (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2022-06-08)
    Cassini revealed that Saturn's Moon Enceladus hosts a subsurface ocean that meets the accepted criteria for habitability with bio-essential elements and compounds, liquid water, and energy sources available in the environment. ...

  • Elevational constraints on the composition and genomic attributes of microbial communities in Antarctic soils 

    Dragone, Nicholas B.; Henley, Jessica B.; Holland-Moritz, Hannah; Diaz, Melisa A.; Hogg, Ian D.; Lyons, W. Berry; Wall, Diana H.; Adams, Byron J.; Fierer, Noah (American Society for Microbiology, 2022-01-18)
    The inland soils found on the Antarctic continent represent one of the more challenging environments for microbial life on Earth. Nevertheless, Antarctic soils harbor unique bacterial and archaeal (prokaryotic) communities ...

  • Making use of relicts: brisingid seastars aggregate on hydrothermally inactive sulfide chimneys near black smokers 

    Woods, Daniel; Cheadle, Michael J.; John, Barbara E.; German, Christopher R.; Van Dover, Cindy L. (Frontiers Media, 2022-02-17)
    When hydrothermal activity ceases at black-smoker chimneys on mid-ocean ridges, populations of associated invertebrates hosting chemoautotrophic endosymbionts decline and then disappear, but the chimneys can persist on the ...

  • Eukaryotic parasites are integral to a productive microbial food web in oxygen-depleted waters 

    Suter, Elizabeth A.; Pachiadaki, Maria G.; Taylor, Gordon T.; Edgcomb, Virginia P. (Frontiers Media, 2022-01-06)
    Oxygen-depleted water columns (ODWCs) host a diverse community of eukaryotic protists that change dramatically in composition over the oxic-anoxic gradient. In the permanently anoxic Cariaco Basin, peaks in eukaryotic ...

  • Scientific access into Mercer Subglacial Lake: scientific objectives, drilling operations and initial observations 

    Priscu, John C.; Kalin, Jonas; Winans, John; Campbell, Timothy; Siegfried, Matthew R.; Skidmore, Mark; Dore, John E.; Leventer, Amy; Harwood, David M.; Duling, Dennis; Zook, Robert; Burnett, Justin; Gibson, Dar; Krula, Edward; Mironov, Anatoly; McManis, James; Roberts, Graham; Rosenheim, Brad E.; Christner, Brent C.; Kasic, Kathy; Fricker, Helen A.; Lyons, W. Berry; Barker, Joel; Bowling, Mark; Collins, Billy; Davis, Christina; Gagnon, Alan R.; Gardner, Christopher B.; Gustafson, Chloe; Kim, Ok-Sun; Li, Wei; Michaud, Alex; Patterson, Molly O.; Tranter, Martyn; Venturelli, Ryan; Vick-Majors, Trista; Elsworth, Cooper (Cambridge University Press, 2021-01-08)
    The Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA) Project accessed Mercer Subglacial Lake using environmentally clean hot-water drilling to examine interactions among ice, water, sediment, rock, microbes and carbon ...

  • Environmental factors shaping bacterial, archaeal and fungal community structure in hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California 

    Ramírez, Gustavo A.; Mara, Paraskevi; Sehein, Taylor R.; Wegener, Gunter; Chambers, Christopher R.; Joye, Samantha B.; Peterson, Richard N.; Philippe, Aurélie; Burgaud, Gaëtan; Edgcomb, Virginia P.; Teske, Andreas P. (Public Library of Science, 2021-09-08)
    The flanking regions of Guaymas Basin, a young marginal rift basin located in the Gulf of California, are covered with thick sediment layers that are hydrothermally altered due to magmatic intrusions. To explore environmental ...

  • Lithospheric erosion in the Patagonian slab window, and implications for glacial isostasy 

    Mark, Hannah F.; Wiens, Douglas A.; Ivins, Erik; Richter, Andreas; Mansour, Walid Ben; Magnani, M. Beatrice; Marderwald, Eric; Adaros, Rodrigo; Barrientos, Sergio (American Geophysical Union, 2022-01-18)
    The Patagonian slab window has been proposed to enhance the solid Earth response to ice mass load changes in the overlying Northern and Southern Patagonian Icefields (NPI and SPI, respectively). Here, we present the first ...

  • New insights into the rift to drift transition across the northeastern Nova Scotian margin from wide-angle seismic waveform inversion and reflection imaging 

    Jian, Hanchao; Nedimovic, Mladen R.; Canales, J. Pablo; Lau, K. W. Helen (American Geophysical Union, 2021-11-17)
    Sparse wide-angle seismic profiling supported by coincident reflection imaging has been instrumental for advancing our knowledge about rifted margins. Nevertheless, features of critical importance for understanding rifting ...

  • Extent and volume of lava flows erupted at 9°50’N, East Pacific Rise in 2005–2006 from autonomous underwater vehicle surveys 

    Wu, Jyun-Nai; Parnell-Turner, Ross; Fornari, Daniel J.; Kurras, Gregory; Berrios-Rivera, Natalia; Barreyre, Thibaut; McDermott, Jill M. (American Geophysical Union, 2022-01-28)
    Seafloor volcanic eruptions are difficult to directly observe due to lengthy eruption cycles and the remote location of mid-ocean ridges. Volcanic eruptions in 2005–2006 at 9°50′N on the East Pacific Rise have been well ...

  • Crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) development governs strain weakening in ice: insights from high-temperature deformation experiments 

    Fan, Sheng; Cross, Andrew J.; Prior, David J.; Goldsby, David L.; Hager, Travis F.; Negrini, Marianne; Qi, Chao (American Geophysical Union, 2021-12-06)
    Strain weakening leads to the formation of high-strain shear zones and strongly influences terrestrial ice discharge. In glacial flow models, strain weakening is assumed to arise from the alignment of weak basal planes—the ...

  • Isotopic characterization of water masses in the Southeast Pacific Region: paleoceanographic implications 

    Reyes-Macaya, Dharma; Hoogakker, Babette; Martínez-Méndez, Gema; Llanillo, Pedro J.; Grasse, Patricia; Mohtadi, Mahyar; Mix, Alan C.; Leng, Melanie J.; Struck, Ulrich; McCorkle, Daniel C.; Troncoso, Macarena; Gayo, Eugenia M.; Lange, Carina B.; Farias, Laura; Carhuapoma, Wilson; Graco, Michelle; Cornejo-D’Ottone, Marcela; De Pol-Holz, Ricardo; Fernandez, Camila; Narváez, Diego; Vargas, Cristian A.; García-Araya, Francisco; Hebbeln, Dierk (American Geophysical Union, 2021-12-23)
    In this study, we used stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O), deuterium (δD), and dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in combination with temperature, salinity, oxygen, and nutrient concentrations to characterize the coastal ...

  • Radiocarbon in dissolved organic carbon by UV oxidation: an update of procedures and blank characterization at NOSAMS 

    Xu, Li; Roberts, Mark L.; Elder, Kathryn L.; Hansman, Roberta L.; Gagnon, Alan R.; Kurz, Mark D. (Cambridge University Press, 2022-02-11)
    This note describes improvements of UV oxidation method that is used to measure carbon isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS). The procedural ...

  • On the estimation of deep Atlantic ventilation from fossil radiocarbon records. part I: modern reference estimates 

    Marchal, Olivier; Zhao, Ning (American Meteorological Society, 2021-05-18)
    Radiocarbon dates of fossil carbonates sampled from sediment cores and the seafloor have been used to infer that deep ocean ventilation during the last ice age was different from today. In this first of two companion papers, ...

  • Tracking crustal permeability and hydrothermal response during seafloor eruptions at the East Pacific Rise, 9°50’N 

    Barreyre, Thibaut; Parnell-Turner, Ross; Wu, Jyun-Nai; Fornari, Daniel J. (American Geophysical Union, 2022-01-24)
    Permeability controls energy and matter fluxes in deep-sea hydrothermal systems fueling a 'deep biosphere' of microorganisms. Here, we indirectly measure changes in sub-seafloor crustal permeability, based on the tidal ...

  • Science goals and mission architecture of the Europa Lander mission concept 

    Hand, Kevin P.; Phillips, Cynthia B.; Murray, Alison E.; Garvin, James B.; Maize, Earl H.; Gibbs, Roger G.; Reeves, Glenn; San Martin, A. Miguel; Tan-Wang, Grace H.; Krajewski, Joel; Hurst, Kenneth; Crum, Ray; Kennedy, Brett A.; McElrath, Timothy P.; Gallon, John C.; Sabahi, Dara; Thurman, Sam W.; Goldstein, Barry; Estabrook, Polly; Lee, Steven W.; Dooley, Jennifer A.; Brinckerhoff, William B.; Edgett, Kenneth S.; German, Christopher R.; Hoehler, Tori M.; Hörst, Sarah M.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Paranicas, Christopher; Nealson, Kenneth H.; Smith, David E.; Templeton, Alexis S.; Russell, Michael J.; Schmidt, Britney E.; Christner, Brent C.; Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Hayes, Alexander; Rhoden, Alyssa; Willis, Peter; Yingst, R. Aileen; Craft, Kate; Cameron, Marissa E.; Nordheim, Tom A.; Pitesky, Jo; Scully, Jennifer; Hofgartner, Jason D.; Sell, Steve W.; Barltrop, Kevin J.; Izraelevitz, Jacob; Brandon, Erik J.; Seong, J.; Jones, John-Paul; Pasalic, Jasmina; Billings, Keith J.; Ruiz, John Paul; Bugga, Ratnakumar V.; Graham, Dan; Arenas, L. A.; Takeyama, Deidre; Drummond, Mai; Aghazarian, Hrand; Andersen, Allen J.; Andersen, Kayla B.; Anderson, E. W.; Babuscia, Alessandra; Backes, Paul G.; Bailey, Elizabeth S.; Balentine, Daniel; Ballard, Christopher G.; Berisford, Daniel F.; Bhandari, Pradeep; Blackwood, Krys; Bolotin, Gary S.; Bovre, Emilee A.; Bowkett, Joseph; Boykins, Kobie T.; Bramble, Michael S.; Brice, Timothy M.; Briggs, Paul; Brinkman, Alexander P.; Brooks, Shawn M.; Buffington, Brent B.; Burns, Brandon; Cable, Morgan L.; Campagnola,Stefano; Cangahuala, Laureano A.; Carr, Gregory A.; Casani, John R.; Chahat, Nacer E.; Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan K.; Cheng, Yun-Ting; Chien, Steve A.; Cook, B. T.; Cooper, Moogega; Dinicola, Michael; Clement, Brian G.; Dean, Zachary S.; Cullimore, Emily A.; Curtis, Aaron G.; de la Croix, Jean-Pierre; Di Pasquale, Peter; Dodd, Emma M.; Dubord, Luke A.; Edlund, Jeffrey A.; Ellyin, Raymond; Emanuel, Blair; Foster, Jeffrey T.; Ganino, Anthony J.; Garner, Gregory J.; Gibson, Matt T.; Gildner, Matt; Glazebrook, Kenneth J.; Greco, Martin E.; Green, W. M.; Hatch, Sara J.; Hetzel, Mark M.; Hoey, William A.; Hofmann, Amy E.; Ionasescu, Rodica; Jain, Abhinandan; Jasper, Jay D.; Johannesen, Jennie R.; Johnson, Glenn K.; Jun, Insoo; Katake, Anup B.; Kim-Castet, So Young; Kim, David Inkyu; Kim, Wousik; Klonicki, Emily F.; Kobeissi, Brad; Kobie, Bryan D.; Kochocki, Joseph; Kokorowski, Michael; Kosberg, Jacob A.; Kriechbaum, Kristopher; Kulkarni, Tejas P.; Lam, Rebekah L.; Landau, Damon F.; Lattimore, Myra A.; Laubach, Sharon L.; Lawler, Christopher R.; Lim, Grace; Li, Jui-Lin; Litwin, Todd E.; Lo, Martin W.; Logan, Cambria A.; Maghasoudi, Elham; Mandrake, Lukas; Marchetti, Yuliya; Marteau, Eloise; Maxwell, Kimberly A.; McNamee, John B.; McIntyre, Ocean; Meacham, Michael; Melko, Joseph P.; Mueller, Juergen; Muliere, David; Mysore, Aprameya; Nash, Jeremy; Ono, Masahiro; Parker, Jay M.; Perkins, Rebecca C.; Petropoulos, Anastassios E.; Gaut, Aaron; Piette Gomez, Marie Y.; Casillas, Raul Polit; Preudhomme, Michael; Pyrzak, Guy; Rapinchuk, Jacqueline; Ratliff, John Martin; Ray, T. L.; Roberts, Eric T.; Roffo, Kenneth; Roth, Duane C.; Russino, Joseph A.; Schmidt, Tyler M.; Schoppers, Marcel J.; Senent, Juan S.; Serricchio, Fred; Sheldon, Douglas J.; Shiraishi, Lori R.; Shirvanian, James; Siegel, Katherine J.; Singh, Gurjeet; Sirota, Allen R.; Skulsky, Eli D.; Stehly, Joseph S.; Strange, Nathan J.; Stevens, Sarah U.; Sunada, Eric T.; Tepsuporn, Scott P.; Tosi, Luis Phillipe C.; Trawny, Nikolas; Uchenik, Igor; Verma, Vandi; Volpe, Richard A.; Wagner, Caleb T.; Wang, D.; Willson, Reg G.; Wolff, John Luke; Wong, A. T.; Zimmer, Aline K.; Sukhatme, Kalyani G.; Bago, Kevin A.; Chen, Yang; Deardorff, Alyssa M.; Kuch, Roger S.; Lim, Christopher; Syvertson, Marguerite L.; Arakaki, Genji A.; Avila, Art; DeBruin, Kevin J.; Frick, Andreas; Harris, Joby R.; Heverly, Matthew C.; Kawata, Jessie M.; Kim‬, Sung-Kyun; Kipp, Devin M.; Murphy, Juliana; Smith, Matthew W.; Spaulding, Matthew D.; Thakker, Rohan; Warner, Noah Z.; Yahnker, Chris R.; Young, M. E.; Magner, Tom; Adams, Danica; Bedini, Peter; Mehr, Lauren; Sheldon, Colin; Vernon, Steven; Bailey, Vince; Briere, Marc; Butler, Michael; Davis, Amanda; Ensor, Susan; Gannon, Michele; Haapala-Chalk, Amanda; Hartka, Ted; Holdridge, Mark; Hong, Albert; Hunt, J.; Iskow, Joe; Kahler, Faith; Murray, Kimberly; Napolillo, David; Norkus, Michael; Pfisterer, Rick; Porter, Jamie; Roth, David; Schwartz, Paul; Wolfarth, Lawrence; Cardiff, Eric; Davis, Anita; Grob, Eric W.; Adam, Jason R.; Betts, Erin; Norwood, Jason; Heller, M. M.; Voskuilen, Tyler; Sakievich, Philip; Gray, L.; Hansen, D. J.; Irick, Kevin W.; Hewson, John C.; Lamb, Joshua; Stacy, S. C.; Brotherton, Chris M.; Tappan, Alexander S.; Benally, Darryl; Thigpen, Hannah; Ortiz, Erick; Sandoval, Dan; Ison, Aaron M.; Warren, M.; Stromberg, Peter G.; Thelen, Paul Mark; Blasy, B.; Nandy, Prabal; Haddad, Alexandria W.; Trujillo, Lynna B.; Wiseley, T. H.; Bell, S. A.; Teske, Nicholas P.; Post, C.; Torres-Castro, Loraine; Grosso, Chris; Wasiolek, Maryla (IOP Publishing, 2022-01-26)
    Europa is a premier target for advancing both planetary science and astrobiology, as well as for opening a new window into the burgeoning field of comparative oceanography. The potentially habitable subsurface ocean of ...

  • Sulfide enrichment along igneous layer boundaries in the lower oceanic crust: IODP Hole U1473A, Atlantis Bank, Southwest Indian Ridge 

    Pieterek, Bartosz; Ciazela, Jakub; Boulanger, Marine; Lazarov, Marina; Wegorzewski, Anna V.; Pańczyk, Magdalena; Strauss, Harald; Dick, Henry J. B.; Muszynski, Andrzej; Koepke, Juergen; Kuhn, Thomas; Czupy, Zbigniew; France, Lydéric (Elsevier, 2022-02-01)
    Reactive porous or focused melt flows are common in crystal mushes of mid-ocean ridge magma reservoirs. Although they exert significant control on mid-ocean ridge magmatic differentiation, their role in metal transport ...

  • Heterogeneity in texture and crystal fabric of intensely hydrated ultramylonitic peridotites along a transform fault, Southwest Indian Ridge 

    Kakihata, Yuki; Michibayashi, Katsuyoshi; Dick, Henry J. B. (Elsevier, 2022-01-06)
    Microstructures and olivine crystal fabrics were studied in amphibole-bearing peridotite samples obtained from the Marion Fracture Zone of the Southwest Indian Ridge by dredge D19 of the 1984 PROTEA Expedition Leg 5 cruise ...

  • Carbon accumulation, flux, and fate in Stordalen Mire, a permafrost peatland in transition 

    Holmes Huettel, M. Elizabeth; Crill, Patrick M.; Burnett, William C.; McCalley, Carmody K.; Wilson, Rachel M.; Frolking, Stephen; Chang, Kuang-Yu; Riley, William J.; Varner, Ruth K.; Hodgkins, Suzanne B.; McNichol, Ann P.; Saleska, Scott R.; Rich, Virginia I.; Chanton, Jeffrey P. (American Geophysical Union, 2022-01-03)
    Stordalen Mire is a peatland in the discontinuous permafrost zone in arctic Sweden that exhibits a habitat gradient from permafrost palsa, to Sphagnum bog underlain by permafrost, to Eriophorum-dominated fully thawed fen. ...

  • Unique habitat for benthic foraminifera in subtidal blue holes on carbonate platforms 

    Little, Shawna N.; van Hengstum, Peter J.; Beddows, Patricia A.; Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Winkler, Tyler S.; Albury, Nancy A. (Frontiers Media, 2021-12-22)
    Dissolution of carbonate platforms, like The Bahamas, throughout Quaternary sea-level oscillations have created mature karst landscapes that can include sinkholes and off-shore blue holes. These karst features are flooded ...

  • Marine organic carbon and radiocarbon – present and future challenges 

    Druffel, Ellen R. M.; Beaupre, Steven R.; Grotheer, Hendrik; Lewis, Christian B.; McNichol, Ann P.; Mollenhauer, Gesine; Walker, Brett D. (Cambridge University Press, 2022-01-25)
    We discuss present and developing techniques for studying radiocarbon in marine organic carbon (C). Bulk DOC (dissolved organic C) Δ14C measurements reveal information about the cycling time and sources of DOC in the ocean, ...

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