RSS 1.0Geology and Geophysics (G&G)
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Scientists in the G&G Department seek knowledge of the structure, composition, and dynamics of the earth’s interior, the origin and evolution of the earth’s crust, controls on ocean and climate change on time scales of decades to 100 million years, and processes of mass and energy transfer at the land-sea interface.
Recent Submissions
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Relationship between water and aragonite barium concentrations in aquaria reared juvenile corals
(Elsevier, 2017-04-09)Coral barium to calcium (Ba/Ca) ratios have been used to reconstruct records of upwelling, river and groundwater discharge, and sediment and dust input to the coastal ocean. However, this proxy has not yet been explicitly ... -
Constraints on melt content of off-axis magma lenses at the East Pacific Rise from analysis of 3-D seismic amplitude variation with angle of incidence
(John Wiley & Sons, 2017-06-28)We use 3-D multichannel seismic data to form partial angle P wave stacks and apply amplitude variation with angle (AVA) crossplotting to assess melt content and melt distribution within two large midcrustal off-axis magma ... -
Calibration of the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of benthic foraminifera
(John Wiley & Sons, 2017-06-03)The carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of seawater provides valuable insight on ocean circulation, air-sea exchange, the biological pump, and the global carbon cycle and is reflected by the δ13C of foraminifera tests. Here ... -
Quantifying bamboo coral growth rate nonlinearity with the radiocarbon bomb spike : a new model for paleoceanographic chronology development
(2017-04)Bamboo corals, long-lived cold water gorgonin octocorals, offer unique paleoceanographic archives of the intermediate ocean. These Isididae corals are characterized by alternating gorgonin nodes and high Mg-calcite internodes, ... -
A review of protist grazing below the photic zone emphasizing studies of oxygen-depleted water columns and recent applications of in situ approaches
(Frontiers Media, 2017-04-26)Little is still known of the impacts of protist grazing on bacterioplankton communities in the dark ocean. Furthermore, the accuracy of assessments of in situ microbial activities, including protist grazing, can be affected ... -
Kinetics of thorium and particle cycling along the U.S. GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect
(2017-05)The high particle reactivity of thorium has resulted in its widespread use in tracing processes impacting marine particles and their chemical constituents. The use of thorium isotopes as tracers of particle dynamics, ... -
Thallium isotopes as tracers of recycled materials in subduction zones : review and new data for lavas from Tonga-Kermadec and Central America
(2017-04)Sediment is actively being subducted in every convergent margin worldwide. Yet, geochemical data for arc lavas from several subduction zones, such as Northern Tonga and Costa Rica have revealed either attenuated or limited ... -
Seismic imaging of magma sills beneath an ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal system
(2017-01)Hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridge volcanic segments extracts heat from crustal magma bodies. However, the heat source driving hydrothermal circulation in ultramafic outcrops, where mantle rocks are exhumed in ... -
Effect of water activity on rates of serpentinization of olivine
(Nature Publishing Group, 2017-07-14)The hydrothermal alteration of mantle rocks (referred to as serpentinization) occurs in submarine environments extending from mid-ocean ridges to subduction zones. Serpentinization affects the physical and chemical properties ... -
Organically bound iodine as a bottom-water redox proxy : preliminary validation and application
(2017-03-15)Carbonate-associated iodine (I/Ca) has been used as a proxy of local, upper-ocean redox conditions, and has successfully demonstrated highly dynamic spatial and temporal patterns across different time scales of Earth ... -
The origin of hydrothermal chlorite- and anhydrite-rich sediments in the middle Okinawa Trough, East China Sea
(2017-05-18)During the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 331, five sites were drilled into the Iheya North Knoll hydrothermal system in the Okinawa Trough (OT) — a back-arc basin characterized by thick terrigenous ... -
Magnesium isotopic composition of the oceanic mantle and oceanic Mg cycling
(2017-02)To constrain the Mg isotopic composition of the oceanic mantle, investigate Mg isotope fractionation of abyssal peridotites during seafloor alteration, and assess Mg budget in the oceans, a suite of 32 abyssal peridotite ... -
The boron and lithium isotopic composition of mid-ocean ridge basalts and the mantle
(2017-03-17)A global selection of 56 mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) glasses were analysed for Li and B abundances and isotopic compositions. Analytical accuracy and precision of analyses constitute an improvement over previously published ... -
Tropical cyclone activity enhanced by Sahara greening and reduced dust emissions during the African Humid Period
(2017-05)Tropical cyclones (TCs) can have devastating socioeconomic impacts. Understanding the nature and causes of their variability is of paramount importance for society. However, historical records of TCs are too short to ... -
Outbreak of an undetected invasive species triggered by a climate anomaly
(John Wiley & Sons, 2016-12-28)When an invasive species appears at a new location, we typically have no knowledge of the population dynamics leading up to that moment. Is the establishment of invasive propagules closely followed by the appearance of the ... -
El Niño increases the risk of lower Mississippi River flooding
(Nature Publishing Group, 2017-05-11)Mississippi River floods rank among the costliest climate-related disasters in the world. Improving flood predictability, preparedness, and response at seasonal to decadal time-scales requires an understanding of the ... -
Salt wedge dynamics lead to enhanced sediment trapping within side embayments in high-energy estuaries
(John Wiley & Sons, 2017-03-17)Off-river coves and embayments provide accommodation space for sediment accumulation, particularly for sandy estuaries where high energy in the main channel prevents significant long-term storage of fine-grained material. ... -
Geophysical and petrological constraints on ocean plate dynamics
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2017-06)This thesis investigates the formation and subsequent motion of oceanic lithospheric plates through geophysical and petrological methods. Ocean crust and lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges as the underlying asthenosphere ... -
The role of rifting in the development of the continental margins of the southwest subbasin, South China Sea : insights from an OBS experiment
(2016-11)The continental margins of the southwest subbasin in the South China Sea mark a unique transition from multi-stages magma-poor continental rifting to seafloor spreading. We used reflection and refraction profiles across ... -
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution digital ocean bottom hydrophone instrument : technical report
(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1982-06)This report describes the design and capabilities of a new ocean bottom hydrophone instrument. The instrument is microprocessor controlled and records digitally on a commercially available cartridge tape recorder with ...
