RSS 1.0Geology and Geophysics (G&G)
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Scientists in the G&G Department seek knowledge of the structure, composition, and dynamics of the earth’s interior, the origin and evolution of the earth’s crust, controls on ocean and climate change on time scales of decades to 100 million years, and processes of mass and energy transfer at the land-sea interface.
Recent Submissions
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The heterogeneity and volatile content of Earth’s mantle, magmas and crust
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2021-02)This thesis explores the volatile content of the mantle, subducted oceanic crust, and arc magmas as well as the structure of slow spreading ocean crust and the heterogeneity of Earth’s upper mantle. In Chapter 2, I directly ... -
Initial cruise report : Chain 115, leg 6
(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1974-06)Leg 6 of CHAIN Cruise 115 began in Rio de Janeiro on 22 April 1974, and terminated in Recife on 18 May 1974. A multi-disciplinary scientific program was carried out within the Vema Channel and on the northern flanks of the ... -
Structure and mechanics of the subducted Gorda plate: constrained by afterslip simulations and scattered seismic waves
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2021-02)Subduction zones host the greatest earthquakes on earth and pose great threat to human society. The largest slip in megathrust earthquakes often occurs in the 10–50 km depth range, yet seismic imaging of the material ... -
Coral reefs in the Anthropocene Ocean: novel insights from skeletal proxies of climate change, impacts, and resilience
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2021-02)Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are driving rapid changes in ocean conditions. Shallow-water coral reefs are experiencing the brunt of these changes, including intensifying marine heatwaves (MHWs) and rapid ... -
Change points detected in decadal and seasonal trends of outlet glacier terminus positions across West Greenland
(MDPI, 2020-11-07)We investigated the change in terminus position between 1985 and 2015 of 17 marine-terminating glaciers that drain into Disko and Uummannaq Bays, West Greenland, by manually digitizing over 5000 individual frontal positions ... -
Increased typhoon activity in the Pacific deep tropics driven by Little Ice Age circulation changes
(Nature Research, 2020-11-16)The instrumental record reveals that tropical cyclone activity is sensitive to oceanic and atmospheric variability on inter-annual and decadal scales. However, our understanding of the influence of climate on tropical ... -
Historically unprecedented Northern Gulf of Mexico hurricane activity from 650 to 1250 CE
(Nature Research, 2020-11-05)Hurricane Michael (2018) was the first Category 5 storm on record to make landfall on the Florida panhandle since at least 1851 CE (Common Era), and it resulted in the loss of 59 lives and $25 billion in damages across the ... -
Radiocarbon dating of the historic Livingstone Tree at Chiramba, Mozambique
(Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, 2020)The article reports the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating results of the Livingstone Tree, a large African baobab on the right bank of the Zambezi, near Chiramba, Mozambique. In 1858, David ... -
The value of initial condition large ensembles to robust adaptation decision-making
(American Geophysical Union, 2020-08-10)The origins of uncertainty in climate projections have major consequences for the scientific and policy decisions made in response to climate change. Internal climate variability, for example, is an inherent uncertainty ... -
Ocean acidification has impacted coral growth on the great barrier reef
(American Geophysical Union, 2020-08-27)Ocean acidification (OA) reduces the concentration of seawater carbonate ions that stony corals need to produce their calcium carbonate skeletons and is considered a significant threat to the functional integrity of coral ... -
The vanadium isotope composition of Mars: Implications for planetary differentiation in the early solar system
(European Association of Geochemistry, 2020-09-30)The V isotope composition of martian meteorites reveals that Bulk Silicate Mars (BSM) is characterised by δ51V = −1.026 ± 0.029 ‰ (2 s.e.) and is thus ∼0.06 ‰ heavier than chondrites and ∼0.17 ‰ lighter than Bulk Silicate ... -
An early cretaceous subduction-modified mantle underneath the ultraslow spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean
(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2020-10-30)Earth’s upper mantle, as sampled by mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) at oceanic spreading centers, has developed chemical and isotopic heterogeneity over billions of years through focused melt extraction and re-enrichment ... -
Enormous lithium isotopic variations of abyssal peridotites reveal fast cooling and Melt/Fluid-rock interactions
(American Geophysical Union, 2020-09-07)Fast diffusing Li isotopes provide important insights into the “recent” transient events or processes for both modern and ancient times, but questions remain concerning the large Li isotopic variations of mantle peridotites, ... -
Ocean circulation and variability beneath Nioghalvfjerdsbrae (79 North Glacier) ice tongue
(American Geophysical Union, 2020-08-10)The floating ice tongue of 79 North Glacier, a major outlet glacier of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream, has thinned by 30% since 1999. Earlier studies have indicated that long‐term warming of Atlantic Intermediate Water ... -
Observations and a model of net calcification declines in Palau's largest coral reef lagoon between 1992 and 2015
(American Geophysical Union, 2020-07-06)Net ecosystem calcification (NEC) rates of Palau's largest lagoon and barrier reef system between 1992 and 2015 are estimated from sparse total alkalinity (TA) and salinity measurements and a tidal exchange model in which ... -
Geological and thermal control of the hydrothermal system in northern Yellowstone Lake: inferences from high-resolution magnetic surveys
(American Geophysical Union, 2020-07-27)A multiscale magnetic survey of the northern basin of Yellowstone Lake was undertaken in 2016 as part of the Hydrothermal Dynamics of Yellowstone Lake Project (HD‐YLAKE)—a broad research effort to characterize the ... -
Intercomparison of XRF core scanning results from seven labs and approaches to practical calibration
(American Geophysical Union, 2020-09-09)X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning of marine sediment has the potential to yield near‐continuous and high‐resolution records of elemental abundances, which are often interpreted as proxies for paleoceanographic processes ... -
Heat production and tidally driven fluid flow in the permeable core of Enceladus
(American Geophysical Union, 2020-07-28)Saturn's moon Enceladus has a global subsurface ocean and a porous rocky core in which water‐rock reactions likely occur; it is thus regarded as a potentially habitable environment. For icy moons like Enceladus, tidal ... -
New frontiers in ocean exploration: the E/V Nautilus, NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer, and R/V Falkor 2019 field season
(Oceanography Society, 2020-03)New Frontiers in Ocean Exploration: The E/V Nautilus, NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer, and R/V Falkor 2019 Field Season is the tenth consecutive supplement on ocean exploration to accompany Oceanography. These booklets provide ... -
New frontiers in ocean exploration: the E/V Nautilus, NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer, and R/V Falkor 2018 field season
(Oceanography Society, 2019-03)New Frontiers in Ocean Exploration: The E/V Nautilus, NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer, and R/V Falkor 2018 Field Season is the ninth consecutive supplement on ocean exploration to accompany Oceanography. These booklets provide ...
