RSS 1.0Geology and Geophysics (G&G)
Browse by
Scientists in the G&G Department seek knowledge of the structure, composition, and dynamics of the earth’s interior, the origin and evolution of the earth’s crust, controls on ocean and climate change on time scales of decades to 100 million years, and processes of mass and energy transfer at the land-sea interface.
Recent Submissions
-
Tropical cyclone activity enhanced by Sahara greening and reduced dust emissions during the African Humid Period
(2017-05)Tropical cyclones (TCs) can have devastating socioeconomic impacts. Understanding the nature and causes of their variability is of paramount importance for society. However, historical records of TCs are too short to ... -
Outbreak of an undetected invasive species triggered by a climate anomaly
(John Wiley & Sons, 2016-12-28)When an invasive species appears at a new location, we typically have no knowledge of the population dynamics leading up to that moment. Is the establishment of invasive propagules closely followed by the appearance of the ... -
El Niño increases the risk of lower Mississippi River flooding
(Nature Publishing Group, 2017-05-11)Mississippi River floods rank among the costliest climate-related disasters in the world. Improving flood predictability, preparedness, and response at seasonal to decadal time-scales requires an understanding of the ... -
Salt wedge dynamics lead to enhanced sediment trapping within side embayments in high-energy estuaries
(John Wiley & Sons, 2017-03-17)Off-river coves and embayments provide accommodation space for sediment accumulation, particularly for sandy estuaries where high energy in the main channel prevents significant long-term storage of fine-grained material. ... -
Geophysical and petrological constraints on ocean plate dynamics
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2017-06)This thesis investigates the formation and subsequent motion of oceanic lithospheric plates through geophysical and petrological methods. Ocean crust and lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges as the underlying asthenosphere ... -
The role of rifting in the development of the continental margins of the southwest subbasin, South China Sea : insights from an OBS experiment
(2016-11)The continental margins of the southwest subbasin in the South China Sea mark a unique transition from multi-stages magma-poor continental rifting to seafloor spreading. We used reflection and refraction profiles across ... -
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution digital ocean bottom hydrophone instrument : technical report
(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1982-06)This report describes the design and capabilities of a new ocean bottom hydrophone instrument. The instrument is microprocessor controlled and records digitally on a commercially available cartridge tape recorder with ... -
Fluid-induced breakdown of white mica controls nitrogen transfer during fluid–rock interaction in subduction zones
(2016-09)In order to determine the effects of fluid–rock interaction on nitrogen elemental and isotopic systematics in high-pressure metamorphic rocks, we investigated three different profiles representing three distinct scenarios ... -
Geodynamic implications for zonal and meridional isotopic patterns across the northern Lau and North Fiji Basins
(John Wiley & Sons, 2017-03-17)We present new Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-He isotopic data for 65 volcanic samples from the northern Lau and North Fiji Basins. This includes 47 lavas obtained from 40 dredge sites spanning an east-west transect across the Lau and North ... -
Benthic storms, nepheloid layers, and linkage with upper ocean dynamics in the western North Atlantic
(Elsevier, 2017-01-10)Benthic storms are episodic periods of strong abyssal currents and intense, benthic nepheloid (turbid) layer development. In order to interpret the driving forces that create and sustain these storms, we synthesize ... -
Quantifying K, U, and Th contents of marine sediments using shipboard natural gamma radiation spectra measured on DV JOIDES Resolution
(John Wiley & Sons, 2017-03-21)During International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expeditions, shipboard-generated data provide the first insights into the cored sequences. The natural gamma radiation (NGR) of the recovered material, for example, is ... -
Dimensions and sinking speeds of tropical radiolarian skeletons from the parflux sediment traps : technical report
(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1982-05)Length, width and projected area (58 species) and weight (53 species) of radiolarian. skeletons, mainly from the Panama Basin PARFLUX sediment trap (5°21.8'N, 82°01.4'W) samples, were measured. Volume and density contrast ... -
The relative effect of particles and turbulence on acoustic scattering from deep sea hydrothermal vent plumes revisited
(Acoustical Society of America, 2017-03-03)The relative importance of suspended particles and turbulence as backscattering mechanisms within a hydrothermal plume located on the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge is determined by comparing acoustic backscatter ... -
Geochemical evidence for mélange melting in global arcs
(American Association for the Advancement of Science., 2017-04-07)In subduction zones, sediments and hydrothermally altered oceanic crust, which together form part of the subducting slab, contribute to the chemical composition of lavas erupted at the surface to form volcanic arcs. ... -
Assessing the blank carbon contribution, isotope mass balance, and kinetic isotope fractionation of the Ramped Pyrolysis/Oxidation instrument at NOSAMS
(2017-03)We estimate the blank carbon mass over the course of a typical Ramped PyrOx (RPO) analysis (150 to 1000 °C; 5 °C×min-1) to be (3.7 ± 0.6) μg C with an Fm value of 0.555 ± 0.042 and a δ13C value of (-29.0 ± 0.1) ‰ VPDB. ... -
Constraining the sources and cycling of dissolved organic carbon in a large oligotrophic lake using radiocarbon analyses
(2017-03)We measured the concentrations and isotopic compositions of solid phase extracted (SPE) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and high molecular weight (HMW) DOC and their constituent organic components in order to better ... -
Array design considerations for exploitation of stable weakly dispersive modal pulses in the deep ocean
(2017-04-07)Modal pulses are broadband contributions to an acoustic wave field with fixed mode number. Stable weakly dispersive modal pulses (SWDMPs) are special modal pulses that are characterized by weak dispersion and weak ... -
Allochthonous sources and dynamic cycling of ocean dissolved organic carbon revealed by carbon isotopes
(John Wiley & Sons, 2017-03-07)We present concentration and isotopic profiles of total, size, and polarity fractionated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from Station ALOHA (A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment), an oligotrophic site in the North ... -
Geochemical evidence for initiation of the modern Mekong delta in the southwestern South China Sea after 8 Ma
(2017-01)Sedimentary records in the southwestern South China Sea reflect the evolving erosion and drainage systems that have operated in Southeast Asia during the Neogene. Analyses of the chemistry and clay mineral composition ...
