RSS 1.0Geology and Geophysics (G&G)
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Scientists in the G&G Department seek knowledge of the structure, composition, and dynamics of the earth’s interior, the origin and evolution of the earth’s crust, controls on ocean and climate change on time scales of decades to 100 million years, and processes of mass and energy transfer at the land-sea interface.
Recent Submissions
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Ross ice shelf icequakes associated with ocean gravity wave activity
(American Geophysical Union, 2019-08-01)Gravity waves impacting ice shelves illicit a suite of responses that can affect ice shelf integrity. Broadband seismometers deployed on the Ross Ice Shelf, complemented by a near‐icefront seafloor hydrophone, establish ... -
Heat flow and near-seafloor magnetic anomalies highlight hydrothermal circulation at Brothers volcano caldera, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand
(American Geophysical Union, 2019-07-18)Brothers volcano is the most hydrothermally active volcano along the Kermadec arc, with distinct hydrothermal fields located on the caldera walls and on the postcollapse volcanic cones. These sites display very different ... -
Along-strike variation in slab geometry at the southern Mariana subduction zone revealed by seismicity through ocean bottom seismic experiments
(Oxford University Press, 2019-06-10)We have conducted the first passive Ocean Bottom Seismograph (OBS) experiment near the Challenger Deep at the southernmost Mariana subduction zone by deploying and recovering an array of 6 broad-band OBSs during December ... -
Bayesian joint inversion of controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data to image freshwater aquifer offshore New Jersey
(Oxford University Press, 2019-06-03)Joint inversion of multiple electromagnetic data sets, such as controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data, has the potential to significantly reduce uncertainty in the inverted electrical resistivity when ... -
Mid-Holocene, coral-based sea surface temperatures in the western tropical Atlantic
(American Geophysical Union, 2019-05-31)The Holocene is considered a period of relative climatic stability, but significant proxy data‐model discrepancies exist that preclude consensus regarding the postglacial global temperature trajectory. In particular, a ... -
Constraints on Appalachian orogenesis and continental rifting in the Southeastern United States from wide-angle seismic data
(American Geophysical Union, 2019-06-24)The Southeastern United States is an ideal location to understand the interactions between mountain building, rifting, and magmatism. Line 2 of the Suwannee suture and Georgia Rift basin refraction seismic experiment in ... -
Isotopic compositions of sulfides in exhumed high-pressure terranes: Implications for sulfur cycling in subduction zones
(American Geophysical Union, 2019-06-14)Subduction is a key component of Earth's long‐term sulfur cycle; however, the mechanisms that drive sulfur from subducting slabs remain elusive. Isotopes are a sensitive indicator of the speciation of sulfur in fluids, ... -
Less remineralized carbon in the intermediate-depth south Atlantic during Heinrich Stadial 1
(American Geophysical Union, 2019-07-24)The last deglaciation (~20–10 kyr BP) was characterized by a major shift in Earth's climate state, when the global mean surface temperature rose ~4 °C and the concentration of atmospheric CO2 increased ~80 ppmv. Model ... -
Aethozooides uraniae, a new deep-sea genus and species of solitary bryozoan from the Mediterranean Sea, with a revision of the Aethozoidae
(Springer, 2019-04-04)Bryozoa is a phylum of about 6000 extant species that are almost exclusively colonial. Few species of the uncalcified Gymnolaemata, the ctenostomes, however, show solitary forms that essentially consist of single zooids. ... -
Abiotic methane synthesis and serpentinization in olivine-hosted fluid inclusions
(National Academy of Sciences, 2019-09-03)The conditions of methane (CH4) formation in olivine-hosted secondary fluid inclusions and their prevalence in peridotite and gabbroic rocks from a wide range of geological settings were assessed using confocal Raman ... -
Observations and modeling of a hydrothermal plume in Yellowstone Lake
(American Geophysical Union, 2019-05-09)Acoustic Doppler current profiler and conductivity‐temperature‐depth data acquired in Yellowstone Lake reveal the presence of a buoyant plume above the “Deep Hole” hydrothermal system, located southeast of Stevenson Island. ... -
Outline of cruise #61 on the R/V Chain to the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean and Red Sea : July 9 - December 17, 1966
(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1966-06)During the period July 29, 1966 and December 2, 1966 the R/V CHAIN is going t be engaged in acoustical, geophysical, oceanographic, geological and geochemical studies of the Easter Mediterranean and Red Seas. En route to ... -
An oceanographic study of the eastern Mediterranean : a joint Egyptian-U.S.A. research program, sediment sampling operations, Chain cruise 119, leg 2, cruise report
(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1975)The sampling program was arranged so that periods of close spaced, intensive sampling on the continental shelf were interspersed with periods of widely-space piston coring in the deep sea, to ensure the proper rest for ... -
Tidal and thermal stresses drive seismicity along a major Ross Ice Shelf rift
(American Geophysical Union, 2019-05-23)Understanding deformation in ice shelves is necessary to evaluate the response of ice shelves to thinning. We study microseismicity associated with ice shelf deformation using nine broadband seismographs deployed near a ... -
Reconstructing atmospheric changes in Monsoon regions using eolian dust
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2019-09)Mineral dust is generated in continental interiors and exported by winds to ocean basins, providing a sedimentary archive which is one of the few direct indicators we have of atmospheric circulation in the past. This archive ... -
Deep seismic structure across the southernmost Mariana trench: Implications for arc rifting and plate hydration
(American Geophysical Union, 2019-04-05)The southernmost Mariana margin lacks a mature island arc and thus differs significantly from the central‐north Mariana and Izu‐Bonin margins. This paper presents a new P wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost ... -
Atlantic circulation and ice sheet influences on upper South Atlantic temperatures during the last deglaciation
(American Geophysical Union, 2019-05-28)Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) disruption during the last deglaciation is hypothesized to have caused large subsurface ocean temperature anomalies, but records from key regions are not available to test ... -
Submarine giant pumice: A window into the shallow conduit dynamics of a recent silicic eruption.
(Springer, 2019-06-29)Meter-scale vesicular blocks, termed “giant pumice,” are characteristic primary products of many subaqueous silicic eruptions. The size of giant pumices allows us to describe meter-scale variations in textures and geochemistry ... -
Storm signatures in coastal ponds and marshes over the late Holocene
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2019-09)Tropical cyclones pose a growing threat to coastal populations, especially as both populations and infrastructure are increasingly concentrated along the eastern coast of the United States. This thesis seeks to characterize ... -
Geophysical and geochemical constraints on submarine volcanic processes
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2019-09)Submarine volcanic systems form new oceanic crust, host unique chemosynthetic ecosystems, concentrate rare metals, and provide a conduit for chemical transfer from the Earth's interior to hydrosphere. Although our understanding ...
