RSS 1.0Geology and Geophysics (G&G)
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Scientists in the G&G Department seek knowledge of the structure, composition, and dynamics of the earth’s interior, the origin and evolution of the earth’s crust, controls on ocean and climate change on time scales of decades to 100 million years, and processes of mass and energy transfer at the land-sea interface.
Recent Submissions
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Emplacement and high-temperature evolution of gabbros of the 16.5 degrees N oceanic core complexes (Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Insights into the compositional variability of the lower oceanic crust.
(American Geophysical Union, 2018-12-05)This study reports the composition of the oceanic crust from the 16.5°N region of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, a spreading ridge segment characterized by a complex detachment fault system and three main oceanic core complexes ... -
On material transport by shelfbreak eddies
(American Meteorological Society, 2019-02-18)The Lagrangian motion in the eddy field produced from an unstable retrograde jet along the shelf break is studied from idealized numerical experiments with a primitive equation model. The jet is initially in thermal wind ... -
Seawater temperature and buffering capacity modulate coral calcifying pH
(Nature Research, 2019-02-04)Scleractinian corals promote the precipitation of their carbonate skeleton by elevating the pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration of their calcifying fluid above that of seawater. The fact corals actively ... -
Occurrence of felsic rocks in oceanic gabbros from IODP hole U1473A: Implications for evolved melt migration in the lower oceanic crust.
(2018-12-20)Felsic rocks are minor in abundance but occur ubiquitously in International Ocean Discovery Program Hole U1473A, Southwest Indian Ridge. The trace element abundances of high-Ti brown amphibole, plagioclase, and zircon in ... -
On the mechanical effects of poroelastic crystal mush in classical magma chamber models
(American Geophysical Union, 2018-09-30)Improved constraints on the mechanical behavior of magma chambers is essential for understanding volcanic processes; however, the role of crystal mush on the mechanical evolution of magma chambers has not yet been ... -
Localized plumes drive front-wide ocean melting of a Greenlandic tidewater glacier
(American Geophysical Union, 2018-11-15)Recent acceleration of Greenland's ocean‐terminating glaciers has substantially amplified the ice sheet's contribution to global sea level. Increased oceanic melting of these tidewater glaciers is widely cited as the likely ... -
Radiocarbon investigation of the pedunculate oak of Botosana, Romania
(Studia Chemia, 2018)The article discloses the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating results of the pedunculate oak of Botoşana. Four wood samples were extracted from its trunk. Five segments extracted from these samples were ... -
Crustal magmatic system beneath the east pacific rise (8 degrees 20 to 10 degrees 10N): Implications for tectonomagmatic segmentation and crustal melt transport at fast-spreading ridges
(American Geophysical Union, 2018-11-06)Detailed images of the midcrustal magmatic system beneath the East Pacific Rise (8°20′–10°10′N) are obtained from 2‐D and 3‐D‐swath processing of along axis seismic data and are used to characterize properties of the axial ... -
Constraining instantaneous fluxes and integrated compositions of fluvially discharged organic matter
(American Geophysical Union, 2018-06-07)Fluvial export of organic carbon (OC) and burial in ocean sediments comprises an important carbon sink, but fluxes remain poorly constrained, particularly for specific organic components. Here OC and lipid biomarker contents ... -
Cold tropical Pacific Sea surface temperatures during the late sixteenth-century North American megadrought
(John Wiley & Sons, 2018-09-21)The late 16th‐century North American megadrought was notable for its persistence, extent, intensity, and occurrence after the main interval of megadrought activity during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Forcing from sea ... -
Climatically driven changes in the supply of terrigenous sediment to the East China Sea
(John Wiley & Sons, 2018-08-11)We examine the paleoceanographic record over the last ∼400 kyr derived from major, trace, and rare earth elements in bulk sediment from two sites in the East China Sea drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ... -
Temporal deconvolution of vascular plant-derived fatty acids exported from terrestrial watersheds
(2018-09)Relatively little is known about the amount of time that lapses between the photosynthetic fixation of carbon by vascular land plants and its incorporation into the marine sedimentary record, yet the dynamics of terrestrial ... -
Nucleosynthetic vanadium isotope heterogeneity of the early solar system recorded in chondritic meteorites
(2018-10)Vanadium (V) isotopes have been hypothesized to record irradiation processes in the early solar system through production of the minor 50V isotope. However, because V only possesses two stable isotopes it is difficult ... -
Near-surface environmentally forced changes in the Ross Ice Shelf observed with ambient seismic noise
(John Wiley & Sons, 2018-10-16)Continuous seismic observations across the Ross Ice Shelf reveal ubiquitous ambient resonances at frequencies >5 Hz. These firn‐trapped surface wave signals arise through wind and snow bedform interactions coupled with ... -
A lack of dynamic triggering of slow slip and tremor indicates that the shallow Cascadia megathrust offshore Vancouver Island is likely locked
(John Wiley & Sons, 2018-10-27)Great subduction zone earthquakes vary considerably in the updip extent of megathrust rupture. It is unclear if this diversity reflects variations in interseismic strain accumulation owing to the limited number of subduction ... -
Submarine deep‐water lava flows at the base of the western Galápagos Platform
(John Wiley & Sons, 2018-10-25)To investigate the initial phases of magmatism at the leading edge of the upwelling mantle plume, we mapped, photographed, and collected samples from two long, deep‐water lava flows located at the western base of the ... -
Neoglacial climate anomalies and the Harappan metamorphosis
(Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union, 2018-11-13)Climate exerted constraints on the growth and decline of past human societies but our knowledge of temporal and spatial climatic patterns is often too restricted to address causal connections. At a global scale, the ... -
Coupled model biases breed spurious low‐frequency variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean
(John Wiley & Sons, 2018-10-07)Coupled general circulation model (GCM) biases in the tropical Pacific are substantial, including a westward extended cold sea surface temperature (SST) bias linked to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Investigation of ... -
Climbing the crustal ladder : magma storage-depth evolution during a volcanic flare-up
(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2018-10-10)Very large eruptions (>50 km3) and supereruptions (>450 km3) reveal Earth’s capacity to produce and store enormous quantities (>1000 km3) of crystal-poor, eruptible magma in the shallow crust. We explore the interplay ... -
Using surface waves recorded by a large mesh of three-element arrays to detect and locate disparate seismic sources
(Oxford University Press, 2018-07-28)Surface waves recorded by global arrays have proven useful for locating tectonic earthquakes and in detecting slip events depleted in high frequency, such as glacial quakes. We develop a novel method using an aggregation ...
