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    A surface mooring for air–sea interaction research in the Gulf Stream. Part I : mooring design and instrumentation

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    Date
    2012-09
    Author
    Weller, Robert A.  Concept link
    Bigorre, Sebastien P.  Concept link
    Lord, Jeffrey  Concept link
    Ware, Jonathan D.  Concept link
    Edson, James B.  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5507
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00060.1
    DOI
    10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00060.1
    Keyword
    Buoy observations
    Abstract
    The design of a surface mooring for deployment in the Gulf Stream in the Mid-Atlantic Bight is described. The authors' goals were to observe the surface meteorology; upper-ocean variability; and air–sea exchanges of heat, freshwater, and momentum in and near the Gulf Stream during two successive 1-yr deployments. Of particular interest was quantifying these air–sea fluxes during wintertime events that carry cold, dry air from the land over the Gulf Stream. Historical current data and information about the surface waves were used to guide the design of the surface mooring. The surface buoy provided the platform for both bulk meteorological sensors and a direct covariance flux system. Redundancy in the meteorological sensors proved to be a largely successful strategy to obtain complete time series. Oceanographic instrumentation was limited in size by considerations of drag; and two current meters, three temperature–salinity recorders, and 15 temperature recorders were deployed. Deployment from a single-screw vessel in the Gulf Stream required a controlled-drift stern first over the anchor sites. The first deployment lasted the planned full year. The second deployment ended after 3 months when the mooring was cut by unknown means at a depth of about 3000 m. The mooring was at times in the core of the Gulf Stream, and a peak surface current of over 2.7 m s−1 was observed. The 15-month records of surface meteorology and air–sea fluxes captured the seasonal variability as well as several cold-air outbreaks; the peak observed heat loss was in excess of 1400 W m−2.
    Description
    Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 29 (2012): 1363–1376, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00060.1.
    Collections
    • Physical Oceanography (PO)
    • Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering (AOP&E)
    Suggested Citation
    Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 29 (2012): 1363–1376
     
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