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    Multiple expressions of plume-ridge interaction in the Galapagos : volcanic lineaments and ridge jumps

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    2012GC004093.pdf (7.275Mb)
    Date
    2012-05-31
    Author
    Mittelstaedt, Eric  Concept link
    Soule, Samuel A.  Concept link
    Harpp, Karen S.  Concept link
    Fornari, Daniel J.  Concept link
    McKee, C.  Concept link
    Tivey, Maurice A.  Concept link
    Geist, Dennis J.  Concept link
    Kurz, Mark D.  Concept link
    Sinton, Christopher  Concept link
    Mello, C.  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5254
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004093
    DOI
    10.1029/2012GC004093
    Keyword
     Hot spot; Plume-ridge interaction; Ridge jump; Volcanic lineaments 
    Abstract
    Anomalous volcanism and tectonics between near-ridge mantle plumes and mid-ocean ridges provide important insights into the mechanics of plume-lithosphere interaction. We present new observations and analysis of multibeam, side scan sonar, sub-bottom chirp, and total magnetic field data collected during the R/V Melville FLAMINGO cruise (MV1007; May–June, 2010) to the Northern Galápagos Volcanic Province (NGVP), the region between the Galápagos Archipelago and the Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC) on the Nazca Plate, and to the region east of the Galápagos Transform Fault (GTF) on the Cocos Plate. The NGVP exhibits pervasive off-axis volcanism related to the nearby Galápagos hot spot, which has dominated the tectonic evolution of the region. Observations indicate that ~94% of the excess volcanism in our survey area occurs on the Nazca Plate in three volcanic lineaments. Identified faults in the NGVP are consistent with normal ridge spreading except for those within a ~60 km wide swath of transform-oblique faults centered on the GTF. These transform-oblique faults are sub-parallel to the elongation direction of larger lineament volcanoes, suggesting that lineament formation is influenced by the lithospheric stress field. We evaluate current models for lineament formation using existing and new observations as well as numerical models of mantle upwelling and melting. The data support a model where the lithospheric stress field controls the location of volcanism along the lineaments while several processes likely supply melt to these eruptions. Synthetic magnetic models and an inversion for crustal magnetization are used to determine the tectonic history of the study area. Results are consistent with creation of the GTF by two southward ridge jumps, part of a series of jumps that have maintained a plume-ridge separation distance of 145 km to 215 km since ~5 Ma.
    Description
    Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 13 (2012): Q05018, doi:10.1029/2012GC004093.
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    • Geology and Geophysics (G&G)
    Suggested Citation
    Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 13 (2012): Q05018
     

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