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    Climate variability, oceanography, bowhead whale distribution, and Iñupiat subsistence whaling near Barrow, Alaska

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    973-2855-1-PB.pdf (8.245Mb)
    Date
    2010-06
    Author
    Ashjian, Carin J.  Concept link
    Braund, Stephen R.  Concept link
    Campbell, Robert G.  Concept link
    George, John C.  Concept link
    Kruse, Jack  Concept link
    Maslowski, Wieslaw  Concept link
    Moore, Sue E.  Concept link
    Nicolson, Craig R.  Concept link
    Okkonen, Stephen R.  Concept link
    Sherr, Barry F.  Concept link
    Sherr, Evelyn B.  Concept link
    Spitz, Yvette H.  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5127
    As published
    http://arctic.synergiesprairies.ca/arctic/index.php/arctic/article/view/973
    Keyword
     Bowhead whale; Plankton; Oceanography; Beaufort Sea; Subsistence whaling 
    Abstract
    The annual migration of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) past Barrow, Alaska, has provided subsistence hunting to Iñupiat for centuries. Bowheads recurrently feed on aggregations of zooplankton prey near Barrow in autumn. The mechanisms that form these aggregations, and the associations between whales and oceanography, were investigated using field sampling, retrospective analysis, and traditional knowledge interviews. Oceanographic and aerial surveys were conducted near Barrow during August and September in 2005 and 2006. Multiple water masses were observed, and close coupling between water mass type and biological characteristics was noted. Short-term variability in hydrography was associated with changes in wind speed and direction that profoundly affected plankton taxonomic composition. Aggregations of ca. 50–100 bowhead whales were observed in early September of both years at locations consistent with traditional knowledge. Retrospective analyses of records for 1984–2004 also showed that annual aggregations of whales near Barrow were associated with wind speed and direction. Euphausiids and copepods appear to be upwelled onto the Beaufort Sea shelf during Eor SEwinds. A favorable feeding environment is produced when these plankton are retained and concentrated on the shelf by the prevailing westward Beaufort Sea shelf currents that converge with the Alaska Coastal Current flowing to the northeast along the eastern edge of Barrow Canyon.
    Description
    Author Posting. © Arctic Institute of North America, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of Arctic Institute of North America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Arctic 63 (2010): 179-194.
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    • Biology
    Suggested Citation
    Arctic 63 (2010): 179-194
     

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