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    Horizontal Lloyd mirror patterns from straight and curved nonlinear internal waves

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    JAS001689.pdf (3.047Mb)
    Date
    2012-02
    Author
    McMahon, Kara G.  Concept link
    Reilly-Raska, L. K.  Concept link
    Siegmann, William L.  Concept link
    Lynch, James F.  Concept link
    Duda, Timothy F.  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5102
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3666004
    DOI
    10.1121/1.3666004
    Keyword
     Acoustic waveguides; Nonlinear acoustics; Underwater acoustic propagation 
    Abstract
    Experimental observations and theoretical studies show that nonlinear internal waves occur widely in shallow water and cause acoustic propagation effects including ducting and mode coupling. Horizontal ducting results when acoustic modes travel between internal wave fronts that form waveguide boundaries. For small grazing angles between a mode trajectory and a front, an interference pattern may arise that is a horizontal Lloyd mirror pattern. An analytic description for this feature is provided along with comparisons between results from the formulated model predicting a horizontal Lloyd mirror pattern and an adiabatic mode parabolic equation. Different waveguide models are considered, including boxcar and jump sound speed profiles where change in sound speed is assumed 12 m/s. Modifications to the model are made to include multiple and moving fronts. The focus of this analysis is on different front locations relative to the source as well as on the number of fronts and their curvatures and speeds. Curvature influences mode incidence angles and thereby changes the interference patterns. For sources oriented so that the front appears concave, the areas with interference patterns shrink as curvature increases, while convexly oriented fronts cause patterns to expand.
    Description
    Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131 (2012): 1689-1700, doi:10.1121/1.3666004.
    Collections
    • Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering (AOP&E)
    Suggested Citation
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131 (2012): 1689-1700
     

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